Indo-European Languages

(spoken originally in an area between and including India and Europe)

Those marked with an asterisk are considered “dead’ languages in that they are no longer spoken.

  ANATOLIAN   Cuneiform Hittite*, Hieroglyphic Hittite*, Luwian*, Lycian*, Lydian*, Palaic*

  BALTIC            Latvian (or Lettish), Lithuanian, Old Prussian*

  CELTIC            Brythonic   Breton, Cornish*, Welsh, Continenta, Gaulish*, Goidelic (or Gaelic)   Irish (or Irish Gaelic),

Manx, Scottish Gaelic

  GERMANIC      

    East Germanic             Burgundian*, Gothic*, Vandalic*

    North Germanic          Old Norse*, Danish, Faeroese,   (or Norse or Scandinavian), Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish,

  West Germanic, High German, German, Yiddish, Low German, Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Flemish, Frisian, Plattdeutsch

  GREEK         Aeolic*, Arcadian*, Attic*, Byzantine Greek*,

                        Cyprian*, Doric*, Ionic*,Koinê*,

                        Modern Greek

  INDO-IRANIAN 

                                Dardic, Kafiri, Kashmiri, Khowar, Kohistani, Romany (or Gypsy), Shina Indic (or Indo-Aryan), Pali*,

Prakrit*, Sanskrit*, Vedric

Central Indic            Hindi, Hindustani, Urdu

      East Indic            Assamese, Bengali, Bihari, Oriya

      Northwest Indic     Punjabi, Sindhi

      Pahar            Central Pahari, Eastern Pahari (or Nepali), Western Pahari

      South Indic            Marathi (including the major dialect Konkani), Sinhalese

      West Indic            Bhili, Gujarati, Rajasthani (has many dialects)

    Iranian            Avestan*, Old Persian*

      East Iranian            Baluchi, Khwarazmian*, Ossetic, Pamir dialects, Pushtu (or Afghan), Saka  (or

Khotanese)*,Sogdian*, Yaghnobi

      West Iranian            Kurdish, Pahlavi (Middle Persian)*,  Parthian*,Persian (or Farsi), Tajiki

  ITALIC 

    Non-Romance            Faliscan*, Latin*, Oscan*, Umbrian*

    Romance (or Romanic)          

      Eastern Romance            Italian, Rhaeto-Romanic (including Romansh, Ladin, and Friulian), Romanian,

Sardinian

      Western Romance            Catalan, French, Ladino, Portuguese, Occitan (Provençal), Spanish

  SLAVIC (or SLAVONIC)       

    East Slavic            Belarussian, Russian, Ukrainian

    South Slavic            Bulgarian, Church Slavonic*, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian

    West Slavic            Czech, Kashubian, Lusatian (or Sorbian or Wendish), Polabian*, Polish, Slovak

  THRACO-ILLYRIAN            Albanian, Illyrian*, Thracian*

  THRACO-PHRYGIAN            Armenian, Grabar (Classical Armenian)*, Phrygian*

  TOKHARIAN (was spoken Tokharian A (or Agnean)*, Tokharian B in W China)   (or Kuchean)*