International Human Development Indicators

Mali

Country Profile: Human Development Indicators

National Human Development Reports for Mali

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Capital

Bamako

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HIGHLIGHT

2011 Report

Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All is available for free download

Human Development Index

Rank

175

Year	Mali	Low human development	Sub-Saharan Africa	World
2011	0.359	0.456	0.463	0.682
2010	0.356	0.453	0.460	0.679
2009	0.352	0.448	0.456	0.676
2008	0.346	0.443	0.451	0.674
2007	0.338	0.437	0.445	0.670
2006	0.326	0.430	0.438	0.664
2005	0.319	0.422	0.431	0.660
2000	0.275	0.383	0.401	0.634
1995	0.231	0.363	0.395	0.613
1990	0.204	0.347	0.383	0.594
1985	0.182	0.334	0.374	0.576
1980	0.174	0.316	0.365	0.558

Human Development Index

Read more about the Human Development Index

Health

Life expectancy at birth (years)

51.4

Indicators	Value	Notes
Expenditure on health, public (% of GDP)	2.9
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)	191
Life expectancy at birth (years)	51.4
Health index (life expectancy)	0.496

Education

Education index (expected and mean years of schooling)

0.270

Indicators	Value	Notes
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP)	4.4
Expected years of schooling (of children under 7) (years)	8.3	¹
Adult literacy rate, both sexes (% aged 15 and above)	26.2
Mean years of schooling (of adults over 25) (years)	2.0	² ³
Education index (expected and mean years of schooling)	0.270
Combined gross enrolment in education (both sexes) (%)	52.7

Income

GNI per capita in PPP terms (constant 2005 international $)

1,123

Indicators	Value	Notes
GDP per capita in PPP terms (constant 2005 international $)	1,077
GNI per capita in PPP terms (constant 2005 international $)	1,123
Income index (GNI per capita)	0.346

Inequality

Inequality-adjusted HDI

n.a.

Indicators	Value	Notes
Income Gini coefficient	39.0
Loss due to inequality in life expectancy (%)	46.3
Loss due to inequality in education (%)	36.9
Loss due to inequality in income (%)	25.4	⁴ ⁵
Inequality-adjusted education index	0.170
Inequality-adjusted life expectancy index	0.266
Inequality-adjusted income index	n.a.
Inequality-adjusted HDI	n.a.

Poverty

Multidimensional Poverty Index (%)

0.558

Indicators	Value	Notes
Multidimensional Poverty Index (%)	0.558	⁶
MPI: Intensity of deprivation	64.4	⁷
Headcount of MPI poor (% of population)	86.6	⁸
Population living below $1.25 PPP per day (%)	51.4

Gender

Gender Inequality Index

0.712

Indicators	Value	Notes
Population with at least secondary education (Ratio of female to male rates)	0.380
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15-19)	186.3
Labour force participation rate (Ratio of female to male shares)	0.562
Gender Inequality Index	0.712
Shares in parliament, female-male ratio	0.114
Maternal mortality ratio (deaths of women per 100,000 live births)	830

Sustainability

Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)

13.5

Indicators	Value	Notes
Endangered species (% of all species)	2
Ecological footprint of consumption (global hectares per capita)	1.9
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)	13.5	⁹
Greenhouse gases per capita (tonnes of CO2 equivalent)	n.a.
Fresh water withdrawals (% of actual total renewable water resources)	n.a.
Natural resource depletion (% of GNI)	<0.1
Carbon dioxide per capita emission (growth 1970-2008) (%)	0.2
Forest area (thousand ha)	12,648	¹⁰
Change in forest area (%)	-10.1	¹¹
Impact of natural disasters: number of deaths (average per year per million people)	0
Impact of natural disasters: population affected (average per year per million people)	11,678
Environmental Performance Index	39.4
Forest area (% of total land area)	10.4
Carbon Dioxide Emissions per capita (tonnes)	0.0

Demography

Population, total both sexes (thousands)

15,839.5

Indicators	Value	Notes
Population, total both sexes (thousands)	15,839.5
Population, urban (% of population)	36.6	¹²
Population, female (thousands)	7,921.35
Population, male (thousands)	7,918.19

Footnotes

1.	Data refer to 2011 or the most recent year available.
2.	Updated by HDRO based on UNESCO (2011) data.
3.	Data refer to 2011 or the most recent year available.
4.	Inequality adjustment is based on data from household surveys, including the Luxembourg Income Study, Eurostat's European Union Survey of Income and Living Conditions, the World Bank's International Income Distribution Database, UNICEF's Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, USAID's Demographic and Health Survey, and the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research's (UNU-WIDER) World Income Inequality Database.
5.	Inequality is estimated from imputed income using the assets index matching methodology (Harttgen and Klasen, 2010).
6.	Published in 2011 using data from 2000-2010.
7.	Published in 2011 using data from 2000-2010.
8.	Published in 2011 using data from 2000-2010.
9.	Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
10.	The Global Forest Resource Assessment 2010 (FRA 2010) is the main source of forest area data in FAOSTAT. Data were provided by countries for years 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010. The data collected from official national sources through the questionnaire are supplemented with information from official secondary data sources. The secondary sources cover: official country data from websites of national ministries, national publications and related country data reported by various international organizations. Data for intermediate years were estimated for FAO using linear interpolation and tabulation.
11.	The Change is over the period 1990-2008.
12.	Because data are based on national definitions of what constitutes a city or metropolitan area, cross country comparison should be made with caution.

n.a.	Data not available

Human Development Index: Trends 1980 - present

The Human Development Index - going beyond income

Each year since 1990 the Human Development Report has published the Human Development Index (HDI) which was introduced as an alternative to conventional measures of national development, such as level of income and the rate of economic growth. The HDI represents a push for a broader definition of well-being and provides a composite measure of three basic dimensions of human development: health, education and income. Mali's HDI is 0.359, which gives the country a rank of 175 out of 187 countries with comparable data. The HDI of Sub-Saharan Africa as a region increased from 0.365 in 1980 to 0.463 today, placing Mali below the regional average. The HDI trends tell an important story both at the national and regional level and highlight the very large gaps in well-being and life chances that continue to divide our interconnected world. Learn more

International Human Development Indicators - United Nations Development Programme