PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES AND PROHIBITED METHODS

This list is only for the sake of information, the up-to date list is available on the
WADA website

I. Prohibited Classes of Substances

A. Stimulants
B. Narcotics
C. Anabolic Agents
D. Diuretics
E. Peptide and glycoprotein hormones and analogues
F. Marijuana (Cannabis)

II. Prohibited Methods

A. Blood doping
B. Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation

III. Classes of Drugs Subjects to Certain Restrictions

A. Alcohol
B. Local anaesthetics
C. Corticosteroids
D. Beta-blockers

I. PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES

Prohibited substances fall into the following classes of substances:
A. Stimulants
B. Narcotics
C. Anabolic Agents
D. Diuretics
E. Peptide and glycoprotein hormones and analogues
F. Marijuana (Cannabis)

All substances belonging to the prohibited classes cannot be used even if they are not listed as examples. For this reason, the term "and related substances" is introduced. This term describes drugs that are related to the class by their pharmacological action and/or chemical structure.

A. Stimulants

Prohibited substances in class (A) include the following examples:

amineptine, amiphenazole, amphetamines, bromantan, caffeine_*, carphedon, cocaine, ephedrines_**, fencamfamine, mesocarb, pentylentetrazol, pipradol, salbutamol_***, salmeterol_***, terbutaline_***, ...and related substances.

_* For caffeine the definition of a positive result depends on the concentration of coffeine in the urine. The concetration in urine may not exceed 12 micrograms per mililiter.

_** For epedrine, cathine and methylephedrine, the definition of a positive is 5 micrograms per mililiter of urine. For phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine the definition of a positive is 10 micrograms per mililiter. If more than one of these substances is present, the quantities should be added, and if the sum exceeds 10 micrograms per mililiter the ssample shall be considered positive.

_*** Permitted by inhaler only when their use is previously certified in writing by a respiratory or a team physician to the relevant medical authority.

Note: All imidazole preparations are acceptable for topical use, e.g. oxymetazoline. Vasoconstrictors (e.g. adrenaline) may be administered with local anaesthetic agents. Topical preparations (e.g. nasal, ophthalmological) of phenylephrine are permitted.

B. Narcotics

Prohibited substances in class (B) include the following examples:

dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), methadone, morphine, pentazocine, pethidine, ...and related substances.

Note: codeine, dextromethorphan, dextropropoxyphene, dihydrocodeine, diphenoxylate, ethylmorphine, pholcodine and propoxyphene are permitted.

C. Anabolic agents

The anabolic class includes 1) anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and 2) beta-2 agonists.
Prohibited substances in class (C) the following examples:

1. Anabolic androgenic steroids

androstenedione, clostebol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), fluoxymesterone, metandienone, nandrolone, oxandrolone, stanozolol, testosterone_*, ...and related substances

_* The presence of a testosterone (T) to epitestostrone (E) ratio greater than six (6) to one (1) in the urine of a competitor constitutes an offence unless there is evidences that this ratio is due to a physiological or pathological condition, e.g. low epitestosterone excertion, androgen producing tumuor, enzyme deficiencies.

In the case of T/E higher than 6, it is mandatory that the relevant medical authority conduct an investigation before the sample is declared positive. A full report will be written and will include a review of previous tests, subsequent tests and any results of endocrine investigations. In the event that previous tests are not available, the athlete should be tested unannounced at least once per month for three months. The results of these investigations should be included in the report. Failure to cooperate in the investigations will result in declaring the sample positive.

2. Beta-2 agonists

When administered systemically, beta-2 agonists may have powerful anabolic effects.

ctenbuterot, fenoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutaline, ... and related substances

D. Diuretics

Prohibited substances in class (D) include the following examples:

acetazolamide, bumetanide, chtorthalidone, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, mannitol*, mersalyl, spironolactone, triamterene,... and retated substances

_*Prohibited by intravenous injection.

E. Peptide and glycoprotein hormones and analogues

Prohibited substances in class (E) include the following examples:

1. Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG - human chorionic gonadotrophin);

2. Corticotrophin (ACTH);

3. Growth hormone (hGH, somatotrophin);

All the respective releasing factors (and their analogues) of the above-mentioned substances are also prohibited.

4. Erythropoietin (EPO)

II: PROHIBITED METHODS

The following procedures are prohibited:

Blood doping

Blood doping is the administration of blood, red blood cells and related blood products to an athlete. This procedure may be preceded by withdrawal ofblood from the athlete who continues to train in this blood depleted state.

Pharmaceutical, chemical and physical manipulation

Pharmaceutical, chemical and physical manipulation is the use of substances and of methods which alter, attempt to alter or may reasonably be expected to alter the integrity and validity of urine samples used in doping controls, including, without limitation, catheterisation, urine substitution and or tampering, inhibition of renal excretion such as by probenecid and related compounds and alterations of testosterone and epitestosterone measurements such as by epitestosterone* or bromantan administration.

_* An epitestosterone concentration in the urine in excess of 200 nanograms per mililiter will have to be investigated by studies as in Article I.C (I).

The success or failure of the use of a prohibited substance or method is not material. It is sufficient that the said substance or procedure was used or attempted for the infraction to be considered as consummated.

F. Marijuana (Cannabis)

III: CLASSES OF DRUGS SUBJECT TO CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS

A. Alcohol

In agreement with the International Sports Federations and the responsible authorities, tests may be conducted for ethanol. The results may lead to sanctions.

B. Local anaesthetics

Injectable local anaesthetics are permitted under the following conditions:

a/ bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, procaine, etc. can be used but not cocaine. Vasoconstrictor agents (e.g. adrenaline) may be used in conjunction with local anaesthetics.

b/ only local or intra-articular injections may be administered;

c/ only when medically justified.

d/ The details including diagnosis, dose and route of administration must be submitted prior to the competition or, if administered during the competition, immediatety after injection, in writing to the relevant medical authorifiy.

C . Corticosteroids

The use of corticosteroids is prohibited except:

a/ for topical use (anal, aural, dermatological, nasal and ophthalmological) but not rectal;

b/ by inhalation;

c/ by intra-articular or local injection.

The IOC Medical Commission has introduced mandatory reporting of athletes requiring corticosteroids by inhalation for the treatement of asthma during competitions. Any team doctor wishing to administer corticosteroids by inhalation or by local or intra-articular injection to a competitor must give written notification prior to the competition to the relevant medical authority.

D. Beta-blockers

Some examples of beta-blockers are:

acebutolol, atprenolol, atenotoi, labetalot, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolot, propranolol, sotalol,... and retated substances

In agreement with the rules of the International Sports Federations, tests will be conducted in some sports, at the discretion of the responsible authorities. The results may lead to sanctions.

SUMMARY OF IOC REGULATIONS FOR DRUGS WHICH NEED PHYSICIAN WRITTEN NOTIFICATION

_* salbutamol, salmeterol. terbutaline; all others beta-agonists are prohibited.

_** Medical notification is necessary.

SUMMARY OF URINARY CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE WHICH IOC ACCREDITED LABORATORIES MUST REPORT FINDINGS FOR SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES

LIST OF EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES CAUTION:

This is not an exhaustive list of prohibited substances. Many substances that do not appear on this list are prohibited under the term "and related substances".

All athletes are strongly advised only to take medicines which are prescribed by a medical doctor and to ensure that they contain only drugs that are not prohibited by the IOC Medical Commission or the responsible authorities.

Whenever an athlete is required to undergo a doping control it is essential that all medications and drugs taken or administered in the previous three days are declared on the doping control official record.

STIMULANTS:

amineptine, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine, bambuterol, bromantan, caffeine, carphedon, cathine, cocaine, cropropamide, crotethamide, ephedrine, etamivan, etilamphetamine, edlefrine, fencamfamine, fenetylline, fentluramine, formoterol, heptaminol, methylendioxyamphetamine, mefenorex, mephentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine, methoxyphenamine, methylephedrine, methylphenidate, nikethamide, norfenfluramine, parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, pentylentetrazol, phendimetrazine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine,, pholedrine, pipradol, prolintane, propylhexedrine, pseudoephedrine, reproterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, selegi(ine, strychnine, terbutaline

NARCOTICS:

dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), hydrocodone, methadone, morphine, pentazocine, pethidine

ANABOLIC AGENTS:

androstenedione, bambuterol, boldenone, clenbuterol, clostebol, danazol, dehydrochlormethyltestosterone, dehydrvepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone, drostanolone, fenoterol, formoterol, fluvxymesterone, formeboloae, gestrinone, mesterolone, metandienone, metenolone, methandriol, methyltestosterone, mibolerone, nandrolone, norethandrolone, oxandrolone, oxymesterone, oxymetholone, reproterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, stanozolol, terbutaline, testosterone, trenbolone

DIURETICS:

acetazolamide, bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, canrenone, chlortalidone, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, mannitol, mersalyl, spironolactone, triamterene

MASKING AGENTS:

bromantan, epitestosterone, probenecid

PEPTIDE HORMONES:

ACTH, erythropoietin (EPO), hCG, hGH

BETA BLOCKERS:

acebutolol, alprenolot, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, labetalol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, propranolol, sotalol.