Joseph R. Knowland
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| Joseph R. Knowland | |
|---|---|
| Born | August 5, 1873 Alameda, California |
| Died | February 1, 1966 (aged 92) Piedmont, California |
Joseph Russell Knowland, (August 5, 1873 - February 1, 1966) was a United States Representative from California and owner and publisher of the Oakland Tribune. He was the father of United States Senator William F. Knowland.
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[edit] Youth
Knowland was born August 5, 1873, in the city of Alameda, California. His parents were Joseph Knowland (1833-1912) and Hannah Bailey Russell (1832-1921), who were married in San Francisco, May 13, 1863. Knowland had two sisters, Sadie (1864-1905) and Lucille (1870-1926), and one brother, Hollis, who died as an infant.
"JR", as he was known to his friends, attended public (Alameda's Park Street Primary School) and private schools (Hopkins Academy, in Oakland) and entered with the class of 1895, the University of the Pacific at San Jose (later College of the Pacific of Stockton). From an early age he had an interest in journalism and history. His father being from New York and his mother from Maine, JR was raised under the influence of northern political belief. He wrote stories for the Alameda Argus and Oakland Enquirer on California history and Republican politics.
At 18, JR joined the Native Sons of the Golden West, served as Grand President in 1909. He organized the California Historical Landmarks League and was its chairman from 1902 to 1906. He was chairman of the Landmarks Committee of the Native Sons of the Golden West, 1902-1962.
He became engaged in his father's wholesale lumber and shipping business. JR was sent by his father, in 1888, to Oregon to rebuild the Gardiner Mill. He went to Jackson, Amador County, serving as an envoy of his father. Joseph R. Knowland managed the Kennedy Mining and Milling Company. The fall of 1891, he left the Sierra to help his ailing father in Alameda. In 1893, he was appointed to a committee to create a panorama of Alameda for the California Midwinter Exposition of 1894, held in San Francisco.
[edit] Political career
Joseph R. Knowland joined the Alameda Good Government Club in early 1895. He was appointed, in 1896, to the Alameda Library Board of Trustees. He was sought by the Alameda County Central Committee of the Republican Party to run for the State Assembly in 1898. Asked later in life why he entered politics, Knowland would reply, "I was one of these young men that took to politics and was interested." He was a member of the California State Assembly from 1899 - 1903. Knowland chaired the assembly committee to investigate the conditions of the Chinese slave women in San Francisco. He served in the California State Senate from 1903 - 1904, when he resigned, having been elected as a Republican to the Fifty-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Victor H. Metcalf. President Theodore Roosevelt had appointed Metcalf to be Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
Knowland was reelected to the Fifty-ninth and to the four succeeding Congresses, serving from September 24, 1904 to March 3, 1915. His 3rd Congressional District included Alameda, Contra Costa and Solano counties. The U.S. Army's Benicia Arsenal and the U.S. Naval Shipyard at Mare Island were located in his district. Knowland had a keen interest in the military, most especially the U.S. Navy. Knowland worked in Congress for capital ships to be built on the West Coast. He was an advocate for a two-ocean battleship fleet.
The population increased in Oakland after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire. New district boundaries were created after the 1910 Census. In 1911, Alameda County became the 6th Congressional District. During this period, Knowland fought for free American tolls for the Panama Canal.
JR Knowland sought to succeed George C. Perkins in the U.S. Senate. He won the Republican primary over Samuel M. Shortridge. However, he was unsuccessful in the general election, a three-way race with Francis J. Heney of the Progressive Party and the winner, James D. Phelan, Democrat.
[edit] Oakland Tribune
On November 3, 1915, Joseph R. Knowland became owner, editor, president and publisher of the Oakland Tribune. He wrote, "It is perfectly understood that what it [the Tribune] does, rather than what it promises, will determine the true measure of its worth; and with this understanding, the Tribune, under its new control, girds to its work." Many years and court battles with Hermina Peralta Dargie (widow of the late owner, William E. Dargie) passed before JR had full control of the Tribune. Knowland built the Tribune Tower, a city landmark at 13th and Franklin Streets. He had a great interest in restoring the California Missions. This had begun in 1903, with Mission San Antonio De Padua. He was a historical advisor during the 1927 California State Park Survey.
In 1932, JR went to Washington and persuaded President Herbert Hoover and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to advance $62 million for the completion of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. He created, with Bruno Albert Forsterer and Joseph Blum, the Franklin Investment Company in 1936 (later the Franklin Credit Union). In 1937, he attained the status of 33rd Degree Mason, Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite. In 1941, he authored California: A Landmark History. He was the political mentor of Earl Warren.
Knowland was proud of the political career of his son, United States Senator William F. Knowland 1945-1959. Bill served as Senate Majority Leader, 1953 - 1955 and Senate Minority Leader, 1955 - 1959. The only mistake JR felt his son made was his 1958 run and defeat for Governor of California. JR was a member of the Finance Committee of the Golden Gate International Exposition of 1939-1940.
He attended his first Republican National Convention in 1904. He attended the GOP conventions as a delegate or newspaperman until 1964. Oakland became a one-newspaper city on September 1, 1950, when William Randolph Hearst closed his Oakland Post-Enquirer. The Oakland Tribune's radio station KLX began operation in 1921 and would be on the air until its sale in 1959.
[edit] Family life
Joseph R. Knowland met Elinor (Ellie) J. Fife, (1873-1908) of Tacoma, Washington, while they were students at University of the Pacific. Ellie was the daughter of Tacoma businessman W. H. Fife. JR and Ellie were married on April 2, 1894, in Tacoma. Three children were born to this union: Elinor Knowland Lion, (1895-1978); Joseph Russell "Russ" Knowland, Jr. (1901-1961); and US Senator William F. Knowland, (1908-1974). Shortly after the birth of William F. Knowland, Ellie Knowland died.
Joseph R. Knowland, a young widower with children, met Emelyn S. West, (1888-1950) of West Lynne, Virginia. On September 28, 1909, they were wed in Chicago, Illinois. Emelyn Knowland was a loving stepmother and active in her husband's social and political life. Emelyn died in 1950, during the California Centennial. JR Knowland's third wife, Clarice E. "Cookie" Cook (1902-1979), was an officer of the Native Daughters of the Golden West. Knowland and Cook were married on April 6, 1952 in Stockton, California. A shared interest in California history made a happy marriage for JR's twilight years.
[edit] Later life
Knowland served on the California State Park Commission 1934-1960 and was chairman, 1938-1960. He was appointed by Governor Earl Warren as chairman of the California Centennial Commission, 1948 - 1950. JR was honored, September 9, 1951, by the City of Oakland and the State of California, with Knowland State Arboretum and Park, Oakland, California. He served as chairman of the Oakland Centennial, 1952, and the Alameda County Centennial, 1953. JR remained active in his old age, coming each day to the Tribune. On February 1, 1966, Knowland died at his Piedmont residence, in the presence of his family. On the following day the Tribune's headline was "Joseph R. Knowland Dead". He was cremated at Mountain View Crematory and is inurned with his third wife, Clarice,in Serenity at Chapel of Memories in Oakland, California.
[edit] Fraternal organizations
- Native Sons of The Golden West
- Masons
- Shriners
- Bohemian Club
- Pacific Union Club
- Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks -- Oakland # 171
- Athens Athletic Club
- Athenian Nile Club
- Claremont Country Club
- Associated Press
- California Press Association's Newspaper Hall of Fame
[edit] Board memberships
- American Trust Company
- Marchant Calculating Machine Company
- Oakland Title Insurance and Guaranty Company
- California State Automobile Association
- American Automobile Association
- California State Chamber of Commerce.
[edit] U.S. Congressional seat
| Preceded by Victor H. Metcalf |
U.S. House of Representatives 3rd Congressional District 1904-1911 |
Succeeded by Charles F. Curry |
| Preceded by James C. Needham |
U.S. House of Representatives 6th Congressional District 1911-1915 |
Succeeded by John A. Elston |
[edit] California State Legislature
| Preceded by James A. Waymire |
California State Assembly 47th Assembly District 1899-1903 |
Succeeded by Joseph C. Bates, Jr. |
| Preceded by E.K. Taylor |
California State Senate 14th Senate District 1903-1904 |
Succeeded by M.W. Simpson |
[edit] References
- Gothberg, John A. The Local Influence of Joseph R. Knowland's Oakland Tribune. Minneapolis Journalism Quarterly - 45, (Autumn 1968):487-95.
- Knowland, Joseph R. California: A Landmark History. Oakland: Tribune Press, 1941
- Wyatt, Daniel E. Joseph R. Knowland: The Political Years 1899-1915. San Francisco, D.Wyatt, 1982.
