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NightSky Friday: Now What? More Mars, Plus Saturn and Bright Stars

By Robert Roy Britt
Senior Science Writer
posted: 07:00 am ET
29 August 2003

A red planet hangover has set in on the day after Mars' closest approach to Earth in recorded history

A worldwide red planet hangover lingers after Mars' closest approach to Earth in recorded history. Millions of skywatchers -- young and old, new and seasoned -- are recovering from one of the most celebrated night sky events in memory.

Perhaps you got your fill. Or maybe you missed the party. Either way, I've concocted some remedies.

If you're feeling addicted, relax. Mars will remain the life of skywatching parties for weeks to come. Like a backyard astronomer's Bloody Mary, the red planet invites you to get up and do it again.

Or if you need to teetotal a bit Mars-wise, consider substituting another nighttime indulgence. Saturn is a fine planetary pursuit now. And the ringmaster serves as host to one of the most brilliant stellar gatherings on tap this time of year, a crowded assemblage of the sky's brightest stars that doesn't reach full tilt until the wee hours of the morning.able -->


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SKY MAP: It's easy to find Saturn and some of the brightest stars in the sky right now.

* Graphic made with Starry Night Software
 
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First, more Mars

Though the historic proximity -- at 5:51 a.m. ET on Aug. 27 -- was a fleeting moment, Mars lingers at full brightness through Sept. 2. And it remains a distinctly luminous target into October.

"Many people have the misimpression that there is something special about the appearance of Mars on Aug. 27, as if it were substantially closer then than the day before or after," said John Mosley of the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles. "The reality is that Mars is close to Earth all the month of August and will remain close all through September. The distances involved are great and they change little from one day to the next."

Mars was less than 34.65 million miles (55.76 million kilometers) away early Wednesday morning.

In early November of 2005, Mars' will make its next relatively close approach to Earth, a setup called opposition, in which Earth and Mars are lined up on the same side of the Sun. But the next opposition will not be as spectacular as 2003. Mars' peak brightness in 2005 will be magnitude -2.3, slightly dimmer than what you can see right now.

Through Sept. 4 this year, Mars shines at magnitude -2.8 or better.

On this magnitude scale used by astronomers, lower numbers represent brighter objects, with negative numbers reserved for the most brilliant.

Come the end of September, Mars will still be at magnitude -2.1, brighter than all stars.

See clearly

So it is not too late to join the crowd of folks who've picked up the ultimate ticket to the cosmic scene by plunking down their Visa cards for an optical aid. Despite reports of telescope shortages around the world created by Mars Mania, stores and online sellers do have at least limited quantities of certain models available.

Yesterday, the online telescope seller Astronomics reported having one remaining unit of a certain good-sized telescope promising excellent views of Mars, distant galaxies and other deep space objects. It will arrive Tuesday on the doorstep of its eager new owner.

I know this because, frustrated with an inability to see surface features on Mars through a modest telescope, I decided to graduate to one that will guarantee a peek at the south polar ice cap and dark surface markings before the planet's current orbital dalliance with Earth carries it beyond optimal viewing range.

There is also plenty of time to plan a skywatching outing to the country, where the views are better than under city or suburban lighting conditions. You can seek a solitary sky or join a planned gathering of amateur astronomers.

Star parties, as they're typically called, offer total beginners a great chance to look through many different types of telescopes and to learn about the night sky from other enthusiasts. The Planetary Society has a list of hundreds of Mars-related events around the world. (Trust that most star parties won't involve imbibing, as alcohol impairs the ability to see distant objects.)

If you don't own a telescope, try calling a nearby observatory for public viewing times. An online search for your city or region can help find one.

Or, at the least, simply wander out your front door and marvel at the rust-colored object that is temporarily so historically close.

Saturn and the brightest stars

Saturn rises in the East around 2 a.m., is well up before dawn, and is one of the brightest objects in that region of the sky. It is much dimmer than Mars, however, and it hovers against a background several bright stars.

Saturn's magnitude is a positive number, 0.15. (The dimmest objects visible at night under dark skies are around magnitude 6.0.)

If you've dug out an old telescope for Mars viewing, even a small one, point it at Saturn: The rings are an amazing sight for first-timers and seasoned skywatchers alike.

See the Sky Map near the top right of this page.

Using Saturn as a guidepost, along with a sky map, you can easily identify four of the 10 brightest stars in the sky. No. 6, Capella; No. 7, Rigel; No. 8, Procyon; and No. 10, Betelgeuse. All these are all bunched up in the pre-dawn eastern sky near Saturn.

Rigel and Saturn are of equal brilliance. Capella is slightly brighter.

Stay out as light dawns, and you might catch a glimpse of Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. It rises around 4:30 in the Southeast and is still low in the sky at dawn. Sirius is, interestingly, the star that gave rise to the phrase Dog Days of Summer.

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Image made during the night of Aug. 26-27.

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Even Sirius, at magnitude -1.47, is not as dazzling as Mars. But it is twice as bright as any other star in the night sky.

Evening stars

Not a morning person?

The 4th brightest star in the sky, Arcturus, is the showpiece of the western evening sky. You'll have no trouble picking it out among a sea of significantly fainter stars in that region. No map needed.

Arcturus will be one of the first stars to emerge as the Sun's glare fades in the West. Around 10 p.m. local time, stretch your arm out and count two fist-widths above the horizon, and there Arcturus will be. It follows the Sun's path, setting around 11:30 p.m.

Also, around 10 p.m., look straight up. The brightest star you'll see overhead is Vega, No. 5 on the list of the Top 10 Brightest Stars.

Special Double Dose of Night Sky Friday: Backward Star Names

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DEFINITIONS

Magnitude is the standard by which astronomers measure the apparent brightness of objects that appear in the sky. The lower the number, the brighter the object. The brightest stars in the sky are categorized as zero or first magnitude. Negative magnitudes are reserved for the most brilliant objects: the brightest star is Sirius (-1.4); the full Moon is -12.7; the Sun is -26.7. The faintest stars visible under dark skies are around +6.

 

 

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