On Aug. 27 at 5:51 a.m. ET (1051 GMT) Mars was
less than 34.65 million miles (55.76 million kilometers) away -- closer than
it's been in 59,619 years. The show continues as Mars remains enticing through
October, 2003.
Finding
the Red Planet
The
Roman God of War
is still easy to spot. It
is an unmistakable beacon of the evening sky. It is up in the southeast as darkness
falls, rises high in the south by late evening, and sets well after midnight.
[Maps]
What
You'll See
The planet usually appears
orange or slightly red, though sometimes -- depending conditions in Earth's
atmosphere -- it can look yellowish.
Mars brightness peaked in
August at magnitude -2.9. On this astronomers'
scale, larger numbers mean dimmer objects. Negative numbers
are reserved for the brightest objects.
At the beginning of October,
Mars will still glimmer at magnitude -2.04, still brighter than all stars, and
at the end of the month it will be at -1.16, remaining easy to find.
Telescopes
and photography
To the naked eye, Mars is
a point of light, like a bright star. To see surface features, you'll need a
telescope with a lens at least 70mm in diameter for the refractor type, or 4.25
inches for a reflector. [Telescope
buying guide]
Middle-of-the-night observations
are best, because Mars is at its highest in our sky, and so its light cuts through
less atmosphere and arrives less distorted. Digital cameras can be used to make
photographs, even by hand-holding them to a telescope eyepiece. [Photo
Tips]
-- Robert
Roy Britt contributed to this text
Mars
Maps created with Starry
Night software ... click to enlarge
At Night: Mars
as of about 9 p.m. in mid-October from mid-northern latitudes. Earlier in
the month it is lower and toward the southeast (left) at the same time of
night. Later in the month it is higher and more due south. |
From above:
Two panels show where Mars and Earth were in November 2002 and how close
they were be in late August 2003. Arrows show direction of orbits, as
seen from above the solar system.
|
Map
Mars on Your Computer
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Sky Charts
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exact location. Learn more:
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Viewing
Charts
IMPORTANT NOTE: These
charts have been in place since November 2002. They do not extend beyond Aug.
27, 2003. See the information and maps near the top of this page for current
information.
The maps above
are all most people need to find Mars. But for all the details, and to look
ahead, see the exclusive tables below. First, some important
explanation of the tables:
In the Table 1, we provide
a viewing schedule for Mars from early November 2002 through late August 2003,
tailored for Northern Hemisphere sky watchers. (Southern Hemisphere: Read the
column descriptions below, then skip to Table 2)
Column 1 lists the
dates, given at roughly two-week intervals.
Column 2 provides
the distance from Mars to the Earth, given in units of millions of miles and
millions of kilometers.
Column 3 gives the
magnitude of Mars. Remember that the lower the magnitude,
the brighter Mars will appear. You can try to gauge how bright Mars will appear
in the coming months by comparing its magnitude on a specific date against a
star of similar brightness. For example: on February 5, Mars will be equal in
brightness to the star Fomalhaut in Piscis Austrinus. By March 3 it will be
similar both in brightness and color to the star Aldebaran, in Taurus. By May
1 Mars will be glowing as brightly as Vega, in Lyra. Thereafter, Mars will increasing
in brilliance at a dramatic rate, doubling in brightness every 31 days. By the
end of June, it will be equal Sirius in Canis Major (the brightest of all stars)
and on July 16, Mars will even surpass Jupiter, moving into second place in
brightness among the naked eye planets, a ranking that Mars will be maintain
into early October 2003. Only Venus gets brighter.
Column 4 designates
the constellation that Mars is located in.
Column 5 gives the
time that Mars will rise.
Column 6 gives the
time that Mars will reach its highest point in the sky and is due south. These
times have been calculated for latitude 40º north, 0º longitude. Notice that
it will not be until the end of June that Mars will finally reach its highest
point in the sky (due south) before sunrise. By the end of August, however,
it will be rising at sunset, reaching its highest point in the middle of the
night and setting at sunrise.
An asterisk (*) has been
included to those times for localities which observe daylight saving time (DST).
IMPORTANT: To convert
the listed time from civil to your own standard (clock) time, the following
additional corrections must be made:
FOR LONGITUDE: All
times are given in civil or local mean time (LMT), which differs from ordinary
clock time by many minutes at most locations. Most civil time zones worldwide
have been standardized on particular longitudes at increments of 15º. As an
example, across Europe, 0º (the Greenwich Meridian); 15º east; 30º east, etc.
Across North America, there is 60º west (Atlantic Time), 75º west (Eastern Time),
90º west (Central Time), etc. If your longitude is very close to one of the
standard meridians, luck is with you and your correction is zero.
To get local standard time,
add four minutes to the times listed for each degree of longitude that
you are west of your time zone meridian. Or subtract four minutes
for each degree you are east of it.
FOR LATITUDE: For
every degree you are north of latitude 40º, add one minute through
the balance of 2002. During 2003, add three minutes. For every degree
you are south of latitude 40º, subtract one minute through the balance
of 2002. During 2003, subtract two minutes.
EXAMPLE: When will
Mars rise for Minneapolis, Minnesota on July 29? The LMT for Mars rise is 10:11
p.m. Minneapolis observes daylight saving time and is located at longitude 93.3º
west, latitude 45º north. Correction for longitude: 3.3 x 4 = 13.2 (round off
to 13). Minneapolis is west of 90º, so you would add 13 minutes to 10:11
p.m., giving 10:24 p.m. Correction for latitude: Minneapolis is 5º north of
latitude 40º, so 5 x 3 =15. Add 15 minutes to 10:24 p.m., giving 10:39
p.m. Central Daylight Time.
Map
Mars from Home!
Chart the Red Planet -- or any celestial object -- as seen from your exact location
at any time, with the award-winning Starry
Night software.
TABLE 1:
MARS VIEWING CIRCUMSTANCES - Northern Hemisphere
For late 2002 through August 2003
Date |
Distance
|
Magnitude
|
Constellation
|
Rises
|
Due
South
|
November 8
|
225.70/363.15
|
+1.8
|
Virgo
|
4:01 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
November 22
|
218.07/348.91
|
+1.7
|
Virgo
|
3:52 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
December 6
|
209.06/336.38
|
+1.7
|
Virgo
|
3:42 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
December 20
|
199.58/319.33
|
+1.6
|
Libra
|
3:33 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
January 4, 2003
|
188.24/302.88
|
+1.5
|
Libra
|
3:23 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
January 18
|
177.27/283.63
|
+1.4
|
Libra
|
3:14 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
February 5
|
162.20/260.98
|
+1.2
|
Ophiuchus
|
3:00 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
February 19
|
150.59/240.94
|
+1.1
|
Ophiuchus
|
2:49 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
March 3
|
140.18/225.55
|
+0.9
|
Sagittarius
|
2:37 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
March 17
|
128.46/205.54
|
+0.7
|
Sagittarius
|
2:18 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
April 2
|
114.89/184.86
|
+0.5
|
Sagittarius
|
1:58 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
April 16
|
103.74/165.98
|
+0.3
|
Sagittarius
|
2:36 a.m.*
|
After sunrise
|
May 1
|
91.93/147.92
|
0.0
|
Capricornus
|
2:09 a.m.*
|
After sunrise
|
May 15
|
81.80/130.88
|
-0.3
|
Capricornus
|
1:40 a.m.*
|
After sunrise
|
May 31
|
70.55/113.51
|
-0.7
|
Capricornus
|
1:05 a.m.*
|
After sunrise
|
June 14
|
61.91/99.06
|
-1.0
|
Aquarius
|
12:28 a.m.*
|
After sunrise
|
June 30
|
52.61/84.65
|
-1.4
|
Aquarius
|
11:45 p.m.*
|
5:01 a.m.*
|
July 14
|
45.83/73.33
|
-1.8
|
Aquarius
|
11:02 p.m.*
|
4:22 a.m.*
|
July 29
|
39.79/64.02
|
-2.3
|
Aquarius
|
10:11 p.m.*
|
3:30 a.m.*
|
August 12
|
36.16/57.86
|
-2.6
|
Aquarius
|
9:15 p.m.*
|
2:31 a.m.*
|
August 27
|
34.67/55.78
|
-2.9
|
Aquarius
|
8:08 p.m.*
|
1:19 a.m.*
|
Southern
Hemisphere
For those living in the
Southern Hemisphere, use the data listed in Table 2, below. These times are
calculated for an observer at 20º south latitude, 0º longitude. When making
time corrections for other southern locations, just follow the basic rules for
longitude listed above.
For latitude, for every
degree you are north of latitude 20º south, add one minute through
the balance of 2002. During 2003, add two minutes through May 1; one
minute thereafter. For every degree you are south of latitude 20º south,
subtract one minute through the balance of 2002. During 2003, subtract
two minutes through May 31; one minute thereafter.
Unlike in Table 1, no allowance
has been given in Table 2 for daylight time (check with local jurisdictions).
Also, take note that the
listing for Column 6 has been changed from "Due South" to "Highest"
because as seen from many Southern Hemisphere localities, Mars' highest point
in the sky will either be due north, or it will pass directly overhead.
As an example, on August
27, when Mars arrives at its closest point to Earth, it will be blazing directly
overhead (or very nearly so) for all those living near and along latitude 15.6º
south. Cities that will be treated to this unusual spectacle include La Paz,
Bolivia; Brasilia, Brazil; Lusaka, Zambia, and Cairns, Australia.
TABLE 2: MARS
VIEWING CIRCUMSTANCES - Southern Hemisphere
Date
|
Distance
|
Magnitude
|
Constellation
|
Rises
|
Highest
|
November 8
|
225.70/363.15
|
+1.8
|
Virgo
|
3:38 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
November 22
|
218.07/348.91
|
+1.7
|
Virgo
|
3:11 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
December 6
|
209.06/336.38
|
+1.7
|
Virgo
|
2:45 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
December 20
|
199.58/319.33
|
+1.6
|
Libra
|
2:20 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
January 4, 2003
|
188.24/302.88
|
+1.5
|
Libra
|
1:55 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
January 18
|
177.27/283.63
|
+1.4
|
Libra
|
1:33 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
February 5
|
162.20/260.98
|
+1.2
|
Ophiuchus
|
1:07 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
February 19
|
150.59/240.94
|
+1.1
|
Ophiuchus
|
12:49 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
March 3
|
140.18/225.55
|
+0.9
|
Sagittarius
|
12:34 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
March 17
|
128.46/205.54
|
+0.7
|
Sagittarius
|
12:17 a.m.
|
After sunrise
|
April 2
|
114.89/184.86
|
+0.5
|
Sagittarius
|
11:58 p.m.
|
After sunrise
|
April 16
|
103.74/165.98
|
+0.3
|
Sagittarius
|
11:42 p.m.
|
After sunrise
|
May 1
|
91.93/147.92
|
0.0
|
Capricornus
|
11:23 p.m.
|
5:58 a.m.
|
May 15
|
81.80/130.88
|
-0.3
|
Capricornus
|
11:04 p.m.
|
5:36 a.m.
|
May 31
|
70.55/113.51
|
-0.7
|
Capricornus
|
10:40 p.m.
|
5:08 a.m.
|
June 14
|
61.91/99.06
|
-1.0
|
Aquarius
|
10:13 p.m.
|
4:40 a.m.
|
June 30
|
52.61/84.65
|
-1.4
|
Aquarius
|
9:38 p.m.
|
4:03 a.m.
|
July 14
|
45.83/73.33
|
-1.8
|
Aquarius
|
8:58 p.m.
|
3:22 a.m.
|
July 29
|
39.79/64.02
|
-2.3
|
Aquarius
|
8:07 p.m.
|
2:31 a.m.
|
August 12
|
36.16/57.86
|
-2.6
|
Aquarius
|
7:04 p.m.
|
1:31 a.m.
|
August 27
|
34.67/55.78
|
-2.9
|
Aquarius
|
5:52 p.m.
|
12:21 a.m.
|
Joe Rao serves as an
instructor and guest lecturer at New York's Hayden Planetarium. He writes about
astronomy for The New York Times and other publications, and he is also an on-camera
meteorologist for News 12 Westchester,
New York.
Magnitude
|
Magnitude is
the standard by which astronomers measure the apparent brightness of objects
that appear in the sky. The lower the number, the brighter the object.
The brightest stars in the sky are categorized as zero or first magnitude.
Negative magnitudes are reserved for the most brilliant objects: the brightest
star is Sirius (-1.4); the full Moon is -12.7; the Sun is -26.7. The faintest
stars visible under dark skies are around +6.
|