Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

People from various ethnic groups reside in the United Kingdom. For most of the last millennium, the lands now constituting the United Kingdom were largely inhabited by native peoples. Since World War II, however, substantial immigration from the New Commonwealth and European countries has considerably altered the demographic make-up of many cities in the United Kingdom.

Contents 1 Native population 2 Place of birth 3 Newer ethnic groups 3.1 Western Europeans 3.1.1 Cypriots 3.1.2 Dutch 3.1.3 French 3.1.4 German 3.1.5 Greeks & Greek Cypriots 3.1.6 Irish 3.1.7 Italians 3.1.8 Nordic 3.1.9 Portuguese 3.1.10 Spanish 3.1.11 Swiss 3.1.12 Austrian 3.1.13 Other 3.2 Central & Eastern Europeans 3.2.1 Albanians 3.2.2 Armenians 3.2.3 Baltic States 3.2.4 Bulgarians 3.2.5 Czechs 3.2.6 Georgians 3.2.7 Hungarians 3.2.8 Kosovars 3.2.9 Poles 3.2.10 Romanians 3.2.11 Russians 3.2.12 Ukrainians 3.3 Other Europeans 3.3.1 Turks & Turkish Cypriots 3.4 North American 3.4.1 American British 3.4.1.1 African American British 3.4.2 Canadian British 3.5 Latin Americans 3.5.1 Argentines 3.5.2 Bolivian 3.5.3 Chilean 3.5.4 Colombians 3.5.5 Cuban 3.5.6 Dominican 3.5.7 Ecuadorians 3.5.8 Mexican 3.5.9 Salvadoran 3.5.10 Peruvian 3.5.11 Uruguayan 3.5.12 Venezuelan 3.5.13 Other 3.6 Oceania 3.6.1 Australia 3.6.2 New Zealand 3.6.3 Pacific Islands 3.7 Black British 3.7.1 Caribbeans 3.8 Africans 3.8.1 West Africans 3.8.2 South Africans 3.8.3 East Africans 3.8.4 Horn Africans 3.8.5 North Africans 3.9 Asiatic Peoples 3.10 South Asians 3.10.1 Bangladeshi 3.10.2 Indian 3.10.3 Mauritian 3.10.4 Pakistani 3.10.5 Tamil 3.11 East Asians/Orientals 3.11.1 Burmese 3.11.2 Chinese 3.11.2.1 Hong Kongese 3.11.3 Filipino 3.11.4 Japanese 3.11.5 Koreans 3.11.6 Malaysian 3.11.7 Malay 3.11.8 Singaporean 3.11.9 Thai 3.11.10 Vietnamese 3.11.11 Indonesian 3.12 Arabs 3.12.1 Afghans 3.12.2 Assyrian 3.12.3 Egyptian 3.12.4 Lebanese 3.12.5 Moroccan 3.12.6 Yemeni 3.12.7 Other 3.13 Medo-Persian 3.13.1 Iranians 3.13.2 Kurds 3.14 The Jews 3.14.1 Israelis 3.15 The Romnichal 3.16 Mixed 4 General Information 5 Demographic transition 6 Multiculturalism and integration 6.1 Race riots 7 2001 Census 7.1 Census forms 8 References 9 See also 10 External links

[edit] Native population

Further information: Prehistoric settlement of Great Britain and Ireland, White British, English people, Irish people, Scottish people, and Welsh people

[edit] Place of birth

The table below lists the places of birth of British people according to the 2001 UK Census.^[1] Where available population figures including the following are also stated:

• British born people with roots in that nation (i.e. people belonging to that ethnic group or nationality, e.g. British born people of Jamaican descent)
• People born in nor the UK or the listed nation (e.g. Mexican Americans in the UK)
• Most recent figures for the population of people born in that nation

Country/ Region of Birth	Population (2001)	Total Population (as stated above)	Corresponding Wikipedia article(s)
United Kingdom total	53,923,642	N/A	British people
England	44,028,981	N/A	English people
Scotland	5,246,136	N/A	Scottish people
Wales	2,818,093	N/A	Welsh people
Northern Ireland	1,829,648	N/A	Northern Irish people
Republic of Ireland	533,901	14,000,000 [2]	Irish British people
India	467,634	1,600,000 [3]	Indians British people
Pakistan	321,167	1,000,000 [4]	Pakistani British people
Germany	266,136	N/A	German British people
United States	158,434	224,000 [5]	American British people
Bangladesh	154,362	500,000 [6]	Bangladeshi British people
Jamaica	146,401	420,000 [7]	Jamaican British people
South Africa	141,405	N/A	South African British people
Kenya	129,633	N/A	Kenyan British people
Australia	107,871	400,000 [8]	Australian British people
Italy	107,244	N/A	Italian Brtish people
Hong Kong	96,445	145,000 [9]	Hongkonger British people
France	96,281	N/A	French British people
Nigeria	88,378	800,000 - 3,000,000 [10]	Nigerian British people
Cyprus	77,673	430,000	Cypriot British people
Canada	72,518	N/A	Canadian British people
Sri Lanka	67,938	300,000 [11]	Sri Lankan British people
Poland	60,711	1,000,000 [12]	Polish British people
New Zealand	58,286	N/A	New Zealander British people
Ghana	56,112	N/A	Ghanaian British people
Uganda	55,213	N/A	Ugandan British people
Spain	54,482	N/A	Spanish British people
Turkey	54,079	400,000 [13]	Turkish British people
China (The People's Republic of.)	51,078	500,000 [14]	Chinese British people
Malaysia	49,886	N/A	Malaysian British people
Zimbabwe	49,524	N/A	Zimbabwean British people
Somalia	43,532	95,000 - 250,000 [15]	Somali British people
Iran	42,494	250,000 - 300,000 [16]	Iranian British people
Other/ Not Stated	42,216	N/A
Singapore	40,474	N/A	Singaporean British people
Netherlands	40,438	N/A	Dutch British people
Philippines	40,118	200,000 [17]	Filipino British people
Japan	37,535	51,000 [18]	Japanese British people
Portugal	36,555	N/A	Portuguese British people
Greece	35,169	400,000	Greek British people
United Republic of Tanzania	32,630	N/A	Tanzanian British people
Iraq	32,236	250,000 - 450,000 [19]	Iraqi British people
Serbia and Montenegro	31,244	N/A	Serbian British people
Malta	30,178	N/A	Maltese British people
Mauritius	27,078	N/A	Mauritian British people
Egypt	27,078	147,000 [20]	Egyptian British people
Vietnam	23,347	70,000	Vietnamese British people
Africa (Country not stated)	22,975	N/A
Sweden	22,525	N/A
Belgium	21,668	N/A
Barbados	21,601	61,000	Barbadian British people
Zambia	21,529	N/A
Trinidad and Tobago	21,283	60,000	Trinidadian British people
Guyana	20,872	59,000	Guyanese British people
Austria	19,503	N/A	Austrian British people
Denmark	18,695	N/A
Sierra Leone	17,048	N/A	Sierra Leonean British people
Thailand	16,257	36,000 [21]	Thai British people
Switzerland	16,010	N/A	Swiss British people
Brazil	15,215	200,000 - 300,000 [22]	Brazilian British people
Russia	15,160	300,000 [23]	Russian British people
Afghanistan	14,875	200,000 [24]	Afghan British people
Norway	13,798	N/A
Hungary	13,159	N/A	Hungarian British people
Yemen	12,508	30,000 - 40,000 [25]	Yemeni British people
Morocco	12,348	74,000 [26]	Moroccan British people
Malawi	12,340	N/A
Colombia	12,331	130,000 - 160,000 [27]	Colombian British people
South Korea	12,310	41,195 [28]	Korean British people
Czech Republic	12,220	N/A	Czech British people
Ukraine	11,913	35,000	Ukrainian British people
Israel	11,892	N/A	Israeli British people
Gibraltar	11,830	N/A
Finland	11,322	N/A
Sudan	10,671	N/A
Algeria	10,670	N/A
Lebanon	10,459	80,000 - 100,000	Lebanese British people
Burma (Myanmar)	9,924	N/A	Burmese British people
Grenada	9,783	28,000	Grenadian British people
Libya	9,141	N/A
Saudi Arabia	8,789	N/A
Democratic Republic of the Congo	8,569	N/A
Saint Lucia	8,265	23,000	Saint Lucian British people
Montserrat	7,983	23,000	Montserratian British people
Ethiopia	7,775	N/A
Romania	7,631	50,000	Romanian British people
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	7,091	20,000	Vincentian British people
Croatia	6,992	N/A	Croatian British people
Argentina	6,796	N/A	Argentinean British people
Dominica	6,739	19,000	Dominican British people
Indonesia	6,711	N/A	Indonesian British people
Bosnia-Herzegovina	6,692	N/A
Chinese Taipei (Taiwan)	6,588	10,000 [29]
Eritrea	6,561	N/A
Saint Kitts and Nevis	6,519	19,000	Saint Kitts and Nevisian British people
Nepal	5,943	N/A	Nepali British people
Angola	5,914	N/A
Kuwait	5,882	N/A
Asia (Country not stated)	5,677	N/A
United Arab Emirates	5,406	N/A
Bulgaria	5,351	N/A	Bulgarian British people
Slovak Republic	5,273	N/A
Chile	5,131	N/A	Chilean British people
Mexico	5,049	N/A	Mexican British people
Lithuania	4,363	200,000 [30]
Latvia	4,275	30,000 - 40,000 [31]
Bahrain	4,185	N/A
Syria	4,168	N/A
Peru	4,066	45,000 - 65,000 [32]	Peruvian British people
Venezuela	3,996	N/A	Venezuelan British people
Gambia	3,924	N/A
Antigua and Barbuda	3,891	11,000	Antiguan British people
Fiji	3,464	N/A
Mozambique	3,353	N/A
Congo	3,266	N/A
Cameroon	3,233	N/A
Jordan	3,115	N/A
Tunisia	3,070	N/A
Ecuador	3,035	70,000 - 90,000 [33]	Ecuadorian British people
Bermuda	2,986	N/A
Seychelles	2,905	N/A
Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)	2,794	N/A
Brunei	2,782	N/A
West Bank (Palestinian territories)	2,483	N/A
Rwanda	2,373	N/A
Saint Helena	2,355	N/A
Albania	2,314	N/A
Botswana	2,051	N/A
Oman	2,024	N/A
Burundi	2,022	N/A
Estonia	2,005	14,000 [34]
Bahamas	1,797	5,000	Bahamian British people
Liberia	1,583	N/A
Iceland	1,552	N/A
Macau	1,490	N/A
South and Central America (Country not stated)	1,338	N/A
Macedonia	1,285	N/A
Belize	1,233	N/A
Namibia	1,230	N/A
Slovenia	1,228	N/A
Luxembourg	1,222	N/A
Belarus	1,154	N/A
Netherlands Antilles	1,151	3,000
Bolivia	1,143	N/A	Bolivian British people
Cuba	1,083	N/A	Cuban British people
Qatar	1,062	N/A
Papua New Guinea	1,057	N/A
Falkland Islands	1,044	N/A
Uruguay	963	N/A	Uruguayan British people
Kazakhstan	871	N/A
Swaziland	863	N/A
Madagascar	789	N/A
Senegal	723	N/A
Cambodia	706	N/A
El Salvador	595	N/A
Armenia	589	N/A
Azerbaijan	561	N/A
Togo	553	N/A
Georgia	551	N/A	Georgian British people
Dominican Republic	523	N/A	Dominican British people
Uzbekistan	521	N/A
Guatemala	499	N/A
Anguilla	498	1,000
Paraguay	493	N/A
Panama	492	N/A
Former USSR (Country not stated)	483	N/A
Laos	464	N/A
Moldova	455	N/A
Honduras	420	N/A
Guinea-Bissau	381	N/A
Costa Rica	376	N/A
Cayman Islands	369	1,000
Lesotho	331	N/A
Cape Verde	328	N/A	Cape Verdean British people
Central African Republic	312	N/A
Solomon Islands	309	N/A
Puerto Rico	306	N/A
Mongolia	293	N/A
Europe (Country not stated)	269	N/A
Guinea	265	N/A
Suriname	264	N/A
Benin	239	N/A
Djibouti	237	N/A
Monaco	225	N/A
Nicaragua	223	N/A
Maldives	200	N/A
Chad	183	N/A
Kiribati	179	N/A
Haiti	164	500
British Virgin Islands	163	500
Tonga	143	N/A
Gabon	135	N/A
Vanuatu	135	N/A
Kyrgyzstan	133	N/A
Samoa	125	N/A
United States Virgin Islands	124	400
Mali	121	N/A
Oceania (Country not stated)	108	N/A
Sao Tome and Principe	102	N/A
Tajikistan	101	N/A
Burkina Faso	99	N/A
Turkmenistan	99	N/A
Niger	96	N/A
Bhutan	86	N/A
Comoros	62	N/A
Guam	61	N/A
Turks and Caicos Islands	56	200
Equatorial Guinea	51	N/A
Cook Islands	37	N/A
Andorra	35	N/A
American Samoa	30	N/A
Mauritania	28	N/A
Liechtenstein	23	N/A
North Korea	22	N/A
British Indian Ocean Territory	19	N/A
Nauru	14	N/A
Tuvalu	10	N/A
San Marino	9	N/A
Norfolk Islands	4	N/A
Micronesia (Federated States of.)	3	N/A
Niue	3	N/A
Pitcairn Islands	3	N/A
Palau	3	N/A
Aruba	0	N/A
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0	N/A
Northern Mariana Islands	0	N/A
Tokelau	0	N/A
East Timor	0	N/A
Vatican City	0	N/A

• Note: The African-Caribbean communities total populations are rough estimates based on the percentage of people born in that country against the total Afro-Caribbean community.

[edit] Newer ethnic groups

In recent years there has been massive and sustained immigration into the United Kingdom from all sections of the globe.^[35][36] This has created an exceptionally ethnically diverse population and it is likely that almost every major ethnic group in the world is present in the UK. London is often cited as the most ethnically diverse city in the world.^[37]

Although British Citizens born in the Empire were always able to settle in the UK, there was marked increase after Second World War. The ship "Empire Windrush" is often credited as the first ship to arrive bringing immigrants from the UK's colonies in the Caribbean in the 1948, and is sometimes seen as a symbol of this post-war migration.

[edit] Western Europeans

[edit] Cypriots

Main article: Cypriot British

[edit] Dutch

Main article: Dutch community in the United Kingdom

[edit] French

Main article: French people in the United Kingdom

[edit] German

Main article: German Briton

[edit] Greeks & Greek Cypriots

Main article: Greek Britons

and

Main article: Cypriot British

Immigration to the UK from Greece has existed for centuries with the first major mirations occuring in the 1800s and early 1900s. Since it got its independence from the United Kingdom in 1960, Cyprus has seen many of its citizens emigrate to the United Kingdom for economical reasons and in search of a better life. The first major influx of Cypriot immigrants to London and other UK cities was between the two world wars when Cyprus was ceded to Britain, and then in the 1950s and 1960s, and then, after the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, an estimated 20,000 Greek-Cypriots fled to the UK. There are more than one hundred Greek communities in the United Kingdom, with a total number of Londoners of Greek decent of 300,000 according to London Greek Radio and a UK Greek population of 400,000 +/-100,000. About 3/4 of Greek Britons come from Cyprus, not Greece itself. Probably 50% have both parents Greek Cypriots, 25% mixed Greek and Greek Cypriot ancestry, and 25% both parents Greek since the 2001 UK Census shows that the ratio of Cyprus born Britons to Greece born Britons is 2:1.

[edit] Irish

Main article: Irish migration to Britain

From the independence of the Republic of Ireland in 1922 until 1949 citizens of that country retained their status as British subjects and also legal right to settle in the United Kingdom. From 1949 onwards they have had to meet the same criteria as other nationalities to settle in the United Kingdom (see British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland) and hundreds of thousands have done so. In 2001 790,000 people were born in Ireland, although there are thought to be millions more 2nd, 3rd and 4th generations. The Irish are the largest white minority in the United Kingdom. The major areas of settlement for the Irish population are Liverpool,Glasgow, Manchester, London and Birmingham.

[edit] Italians

Main article: Italian Britons

Although Italians have had a presence in the UK for centuries, it was only after the Second World War that there was a large influx to the country. Many came for work, for study or when situations of political and economic turmoil back home forced them to leave. Many headed to the UK as an alternative to the US. They have left their mark on British life mainly through their food where Italian restaurants, bars & cafes are now commonplace. In the UK, British Italians are popularly known as "Britalians", a term coined by the UK-based Italian chef Antonio Carluccio.

Currently, the Italian official records report around 175,000 Italians living in the UK (115,000 in the area served by the Italian Consulate General of London alone), but these figures are to be taken as a low estimate (not everyone register with the consulates, especially the short term or temporary residents), as well as those of Italian heritage.

[edit] Nordic

Main article: Nordic migration to the United Kingdom

[edit] Portuguese

Main article: Portuguese Briton

[edit] Spanish

Main article: Spanish migration to the United Kingdom

[edit] Swiss

Main article: Swiss British

[edit] Austrian

Main article: Austrian British

[edit] Other

Belgians and many more.

[edit] Central & Eastern Europeans

[edit] Albanians

Main article: Albanian British

and also see Kosovar British

[edit] Armenians

Main article: Armenian British

[edit] Baltic States

Main article: Baltic people in the United Kingdom

[edit] Bulgarians

Main article: Bulgarian British

[edit] Czechs

Main article: Czech Britons

[edit] Georgians

Main article: Georgian British

[edit] Hungarians

Main article: Hungarian British

[edit] Kosovars

Main article: Kosovar British

[edit] Poles

Main article: Polish British

There is a long history of migration from Poland to the UK. In the 1800s, protestant refugees from Poland settled in Britain.^[38] Many Jewish people also moved from Poland to Britain, both as refugees and economic migrants.^[39]

In 1940, after the fall of France to the Nazis, the Polish president, prime minister, government, and at least 20,000 soldiers were exciled to London.^[38] In the immediate post-World War II period, many Poles who had fought on from bases in the United Kingdom following their defeat by the Germans, were urged to return home by the British Government.^{[citation needed]} Only about half of them did so, however, with the remainder (of about 250,000 people) staying on to form the basis of the United Kingdom's Polish community.^{[citation needed]} The Polish Resettlement Corps (1947-49) eased the transition from military to civilian life for the ex-soldiers and numerous dependants.^{[citation needed]}

Also following the end of World War II, substantial groups of people from Soviet-controlled territories settled in Britain, including many Poles. The UK recruited displaced people as so-called European Volunteer Workers in order to provide labour to industries that were required in order to aim economic recovery after the war.^[40] In the 1951 Census, the Polish-born population of the UK numbered some 162,339, up from 44,642 in 1931.^[41][42]

The 2001 UK Census showed that the number of Polish-born people in the UK was declining. In 2001, there were 60,680 Polish-born people in Britain, compared to 73,951 at the time of the 1991 Census (note that the figures exclude Northern Ireland).^[43] Since Poland's accession to the EU in May 2004, the number of Poles in the UK has risen once more. Large number of Poles have migrated to the UK, although there is evidence that much of this migration is circular and that many Poles have returned home.^[44][45] According the the Labour Force Survey, 458,000 Polish-born people were resident in the UK in quarter 4 2007.^[44]

[edit] Romanians

Main article: Romanian British

[edit] Russians

Main article: British Russians

[edit] Ukrainians

Main article: Ukrainian British

[edit] Other Europeans

[edit] Turks & Turkish Cypriots

Main article: Turks in the United Kingdom

and Cypriot British

The first Turks to arrive in the United Kingdom were the Turkish Cypriots who were Commonwealth citizens as Cyprus was a British colony until 1960. Some Turkish Cypriots came from the 1930s to find employment, others joined later to escape the tensions between Turkish and Greek Cypriots which resulted in the Turkish occupation of the north of the island in 1974.

Many Turkish people sought refuge in the United Kingdom in the 1950s and 1960s, and the number of Turkish immigrants has continued to increase. Many came from Cyprus during the actions of EOKA and Enosis.

The most recent influx started soon after the military coup on the Turkish mainland by General Kenan Evren in 1980. The harsh repression that followed forced many people out of the country. Poets, artists, intellectuals, journalists, political opponents of the regime, but also simple people and a large proportion of Turkish Kurds. Even now, Kurds still leave Turkey and seek refuge in other countries, such as the United Kingdom.

[edit] North American

[edit] American British

Main article: American British

[edit] African American British

Main article: African American British

[edit] Canadian British

Main article: Canadians in the United Kingdom

[edit] Latin Americans

Main article: Latin American Briton

[edit] Argentines

Main article: Argentines in the United Kingdom

[edit] Bolivian

Main article: Bolivian British

[edit] Chilean

Main article: Chilean Briton

[edit] Colombians

Main article: Colombian British

[edit] Cuban

Main article: Cuban British

[edit] Dominican

Main article: Dominican British (Hispanics)

[edit] Ecuadorians

Main article: Ecuadorian Briton

[edit] Mexican

Main article: Mexican Briton

[edit] Salvadoran

Main article: Salvadoran British

[edit] Peruvian

Main article: Peruvian Briton

[edit] Uruguayan

Main article: Uruguayan British

[edit] Venezuelan

Main article: Venezuelan British

[edit] Other

Puerto Ricans, Belizeans and more.

[edit] Oceania

[edit] Australia

Main articles: Australians in the United Kingdom and Australians

[edit] New Zealand

Main articles: New Zealand British and New Zealanders

[edit] Pacific Islands

Main articles: Pacific Islander migration to the United Kingdom and Pacific Islanders

[edit] Black British

Main article: Black British

[edit] Caribbeans

Main article: British African-Caribbean community

These originated mostly in several of the former British colonies in the Caribbean. The largest proportion of the Black Caribbean population in the UK are of Jamaican origin; others trace origins to smaller nations including Trinidad and Tobago, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Barbados, Saint Lucia, Grenada, Montserrat, Dominica, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Guyana. Black-Caribbean communities exist throughout the United Kingdom, though by far the largest concentrations are in London, Birmingham and the broader West Midlands conurbation. Significant communities also exist in other population centres, notably Manchester, Nottingham, Leicester, Bristol, Leeds, Sheffield, Liverpool and Cardiff. Around half of the British Caribbean community originate from Jamaica. In 2001 the Black Caribbean community numbered 565,876 and the total Black population was 1.2 million or 2.2% of the population.

See also

• Antiguan British
• Bahamian British
• Barbadian British
• Dominican British
• Guyanese British
• Jamaican British
• Saint Lucian British
• Saint Kitts and Nevisian British
• Grenadian British
• Montserratian British
• Trinidadian British
• Vincentian British

[edit] Africans

Main article: African British

[edit] West Africans

Main article: Nigerian British

Main article: Ghanaian British

Main article: Sierra Leonean British

Main article: Cape Verdean British

Many people from Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Cape Verde and Cameroon continue to migrate as professional workers or students.

[edit] South Africans

Main article: South African-British

Zimbabweans, South Africans, Zambians, Angolans, Mozambicans, Mauritians, Seychellois

[edit] East Africans

Main article: Kenyan British

Main article: Ugandan British

Main article: Tanzanian British

Kenyans, Tanzanians, Ugandans

[edit] Horn Africans

Main article: Somali Britons

Somalis, Ethiopians, Sudanese

[edit] North Africans

Main article: Arab Britons

Algerians, Moroccans, Tunisians, Egyptians

[edit] Asiatic Peoples

Main article: Asian British

[edit] South Asians

Main article: British Asian

These comprise Indians (originating primarily from Punjab and Gujarat), Pakistanis (originating primarily from Kashmir and Punjab), Bangladeshis (originating primarily from Sylhet), and a small number of Sri Lankans. They numbered 2,331,423 in the 2001 Census. This further subdivided to 1,053,411 of Indian origin, 747,285 of Pakistani origin, 283,063 of Bangladeshi origin, and 247,664 from other Asian origins. 2004 estimates show that the British Asian community is 2,799,700 including people of mixed White British and Asian British descent. There are Asians present in most towns and cities in the United Kingdom. The largest concentrations of Indians are to be found in west London, Leicester and the West Midlands. The largest Bangladeshi community is in east London. Pakistanis are more evenly spread through the country, with large concentrations in Birmingham, Lancashire, Yorkshire and Greater Manchester.

[edit] Bangladeshi

Main article: British Bangladeshi

Bangladeshis primarily live in the city of London, mainly in the East London boroughs, of which the borough of Tower Hamlets has the highest percentage of Bangladeshis with about 33% of the borough's total population. The national census of ethnicity and identity found over 283,000 people had Bangladeshi heritage in Britain as of 2001.

Bangladeshis decide to move to the United Kingdom include the need to find work, earn a better living and to escape conflict. Most of these people came from the Bangladeshi region of Sylhet during and after the 1970s. The influence of Bangladeshi culture and diversity can be seen across London in boroughs such as Tower Hamlets, Newham, Camden and Southwark

By 1970, Brick Lane, and many of the streets around it, had become predominantly Bengali. The Jewish bakeries were turned into curry houses, the jewellery shops were turned into sari stores, and the synagogues into dress factories. In 1976, the synagogue at the corner of Fournier Street and Brick Lane became the Jamme Masjid (community mosque). The majority of 95% of British Bangladeshis originate from Sylhet, which is a division and city located in the north-east of Bangladesh.

Notables, for example Konnie Huq - notable for being the longest-serving female presenter in Blue Peter, Baroness Uddin, Monica Ali and many more.

[edit] Indian

Main article: Indian British

[edit] Mauritian

Main article: Mauritian British

[edit] Pakistani

Main article: Pakistani British

[edit] Tamil

Main article: Tamil British

[edit] East Asians/Orientals

Main article: Oriental British

[edit] Burmese

Main article: Burmese British

Main article: Anglo-Burmese people

[edit] Chinese

Main article: British Chinese

British Chinese are predominately from southern Chinese origin, in particular from Hong Kong. The first significant immigration began during the 1950s and 1960s, followed by a further wave in the early 1980s and another in the mid-1990s prior to Hong Kong being incorporated into the Peoples Republic of China. In 2001 they numbered 247,403. Many students of Chinese origin study in the United Kingdom and since 2001 a substantial portion have chosen to remain, increasing their numbers further. In contrast to the largely southern Chinese community living in the United Kingdom, newer arrivals tend to come from all across China. The Chinese are the fastest growing non-European ethnic group in the United Kingdom, growing at 11% per annum between 2001-2003. This growth comes almost exclusively from immigration.

[edit] Hong Kongese

Main article: Hong Kong British

[edit] Filipino

Main article: Filipino British

There was a small population of Filipinos in UK up until the 90's. A notable increase in Filipino population in UK started in 2000 when NHS started hiring nurses directly from the Philippines.

List of Filipino Associations

1. Milton Keynes Filipino Association - http://www.mkfas.com/ Joselito Calaper Chairman

2. Oxfordshire Filipino Association - www.ofa.org.uk

3. Filipino Association of Southampton - 2008 Chairman Euri Banez / www.fas-southampton.org

4. Pembrokshire Filipino Community - http://www.freewebs.com/fcpwales/links.htm

[edit] Japanese

Main article: British Japanese

[edit] Koreans

Main article: Koreans in the United Kingdom

Since immigration restrictions were relaxed in 1989, the United Kingdom's Korean population has grown rapidly. In 2005, South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade estimated there were 40,810 Koreans in the United Kingdom, making them the ninth-largest population of overseas Koreans.

[edit] Malaysian

Main article: British Malaysian

[edit] Malay

Main article: British Malays

[edit] Singaporean

Main article: Singaporean British

[edit] Thai

Main article: Thai community in the United Kingdom

[edit] Vietnamese

Main article: Vietnamese people in the United Kingdom

[edit] Indonesian

Main article: Indonesian British

[edit] Arabs

Main article: Arab Britons

Arabs number over 1 million in the United Kingdom, and are a rapidly growing ethnic group, this ethnic group can be split up further.

[edit] Afghans

Main article: Afghan British

[edit] Assyrian

Main article: Assyrians in the United Kingdom

[edit] Egyptian

Main article: Egyptian British

[edit] Lebanese

Main article: Lebanese British

[edit] Moroccan

Main article: Moroccan British

[edit] Yemeni

Main article: Yemeni Britons

[edit] Other

Palestinians, Saudis, Syrians, Jordanians, Algerians,

[edit] Medo-Persian

[edit] Iranians

Main article: Iranian Britons

[edit] Kurds

Main article: Kurdish British

[edit] The Jews

Further information: British Jews, History of the Jews in England

The first Jews arrived in England in 1070 from Rouen following the Norman Invasion. There is mention of them in the Domesday Book. They were expelled in 1290 under the edict of expulsion but a small number returned from 1656 onwards. The vast majority of today’s Jewish community, however, descend from Jews who arrived from Eastern Europe in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.^[46] It is hard to discern the number of ethnic Jews in the United Kingdom as they are classified as white on census forms. In 2001 however there were 267,373 practitioners of Judaism in the United Kingdom.

[edit] Israelis

Main article: Israeli British

[edit] The Romnichal

Main article: Romnichal

The Romanichal, for whom the term "Gypsies" is now considered pejorative, also reside in the United Kingdom.

[edit] Mixed

See also: British Mixed-Race

After the Second World War, the first established 'mixed communities' migrated to the UK, principally the Anglo-Indian and Anglo-Burmese communities, from India and Burma. They are now established and integrated communities within the UK. Over more recent years there has been substantial and increasing miscegenation between the various groups, resulting in a new group - Mixed. This group is relatively heterogeneous with Mixed - Afro Caribbean/White British being the biggest single component. The Mixed group has the youngest demographic profile of any group, with half being under 16, and numbered 677,117 at the 2001 Census. Due to rapid growth the Mixed group is predicted to become the largest ethnic minority group by 2020.

[edit] General Information

• The Montserratian British community outnumbers the actual population of Montserrat by about six to one
• The Pakistani British community is the second largest Pakistani overseas community on the planet
• The Cypriot British community is the largest overseas Cypriot community on earth, it is over half the size of the almost one million strong population of Cyprus
• Indian British people make up the country's single largest ethnic minority group, which is also the West's second largest Indian community
• The Nigerian British community is the largest overseas Nigerian community on the planet, and three times larger than its closest rival
• The Mixed-Race population is the fastest-growing ethnic group in the UK. In 2000, The Sunday Times reported that "Britain has the highest rate of interracial relationships in the world".^[47]
• The Brazilian British community increases in size by around 22 people every day, and sits firm as the world's fourth largest overseas Brazilian community
• Many communities such as the Scandinavian British, French British, German British, Italian British, Spanish British and the British Jews, have inhabited the United Kingdom for millennia, and it is impossible to tell how many people have partial ancestry, although it is thought to be in the millions for many
• There estimated to be up to 450,000 Iraqis in the United Kingdom, making the country's Iraqi community the largest in the Western World, and fourth worldwide.

[edit] Demographic transition

The period from 1948 has seen a dramatic change in the ethnic make-up of the United Kingdom. Non-Whites have grown from tens of thousands in 1951 to 4,600,000 in 2001. The total number of ethnic minorities (including whites from ethnic minority groups) in 2001 was 6,751,689.

[edit] Multiculturalism and integration

Beginning during the postwar immigration boom, United Kingdom has gradually developed a robust policy of multiculturalism. The rapidity of ethnic transition in the United Kingdom has caused much discussion about the policies that have developed under the rubric of multiculturalism. Critics believe policies that stress integration between groups are more appropriate. They point to the differing successes and relative failures of various groups in the United Kingdom to integrate with one another and British society.^{[48][49][50][51]}

In 2005 the Commission for Racial Equality published a report entitled Citizenship and Belonging : What is Britishness?, to examine the way in which British people of different ethnic backgrounds thought about Britishness. The Commission reported that:

“As White people involved in the study were asked to talk about Britishness, many immediately and spontaneously changed the topic of discussion slightly talking instead about a perceived decline in Britishness. This happened in all focus groups with White people. They attributed the decline to four main causes: the arrival of large numbers of migrants; the ‘unfair’ claims made by people from ethnic minorities on the welfare state; the rise in moral pluralism; and the failure to manage ethnic minority groups properly, due to what participants called political correctness.”

And that: “Most White participants were distressed by this perceived decline in Britishness. They felt victimised and frustrated and many anticipated that social unrest would become inevitable.”^[52]

[edit] Race riots

Since the beginning of mass immigration there have been a number of race riots, the most prominent being:

• • 1958 - London - Notting Hill race riots
  • 1981 - London - Brixton riot (1981)
  • 1981 & 1987 - Leeds - Chapeltown Riots
  • 1981 - Liverpool - Toxteth Riots
  • 1981 & 1985 - Birmingham - Handsworth Riots
  • 1981 - Manchester - Moss Side
  • 1985 -London - Brixton riot (1985)
  • 1985 -London - Broadwater Farm riot
  • 1989 - Dewsbury - Dewsbury riot
  • 1995 - Bradford - Manningham Riot
  • 1995 - London - Brixton riot (1995)
  • 2001 - Bradford - Bradford Riot
  • 2001 - Burnley - Burnley Riots
  • 2001 - Oldham - Oldham Riots
  • 2004 - Peterborough - Peterborough Riots
  • 2005 - Birmingham - 2005 Birmingham Riot

[edit] 2001 Census

According to the 2001 Census, the ethnic composition of the United Kingdom was:

Ethnic group	Population	% of total*
White British	&0000000050366497.00000050,366,497	85.7%
White Irish	&0000000000691232.000000691,232	1.2%
White (other)	&0000000003096169.0000003,096,169	5.3%
Mixed race	&0000000000677117.000000677,117	1.2%
Indian	&0000000001053411.0000001,053,411	1.8%
Pakistani	&0000000000747285.000000747,285	1.3%
Bangladeshi	&0000000000283063.000000283,063	0.5%
Other Asian (non-Chinese)	&0000000000247644.000000247,644	0.4%
Black Caribbean	&0000000000565876.000000565,876	1.0%
Black African	&0000000000485277.000000485,277	0.8%
Black (others)	&0000000000097585.00000097,585	0.2%
Chinese	&0000000000247403.000000247,403	0.4%
Other	&0000000000230615.000000230,615	0.4%
* Percentage of total UK population

[edit] Census forms

There have been recent calls for the 2011 national census to include extra tickboxes in Category "A" (in addition to the current tick boxes for "British", "Irish", or "Any other White background"), as there have been claims of racial discrimination by some Welsh, English, and Cornish people.^[53][54] There was some confusion due to the fact that one first had to deny being British, by crossing out the British option, and then writing "Welsh", "English", or "Cornish" in the "Any other" category. The Office for National Statistics recognises that many people want to distinguish themselves as Welsh, English or Cornish and not just "British" in the 2011 census and is considering adding extra tickboxes for this purpose.^[55][56]

There has also been some concern that a large number of second generation Irish people did not read the instruction to 'indicate your cultural background' and believed that they must answer 'British' (or 'Scottish' in Scotland) rather than 'Irish' because of their birthplace."

[edit] References

[edit] See also

• Lists of U.K. locations with large ethnic populations
• Ethnic groups in London
• Demographics of the United Kingdom
• Languages of the United Kingdom
• Census 2001 Ethnic Codes
• British people
• Briton
• English people
• Irish people
• Scottish people
• Welsh people
• Cornish people
• Desi
• Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
• Prehistoric settlement of Great Britain and Ireland
• Historical immigration to Great Britain
• Immigration to the United Kingdom (1922-present day)
• White Other (United Kingdom Census)

[edit] External links

• The Office for National Statistics on ethnic group statistics (pdf)
• Commission for Racial Equality
• 2011 Census tick-box for "English" and "Cornish" national identities
• Census chiefs set to record Welsh identity tick box
• Census to gauge national identity
• Born Abroad Census
• BBC United Colours
• Notting Hill Carnival
• Carnaval Del Pueblo, Europe's biggest Latin American festival held in London
• Oktoberfest, the UK's major German cultural festival held in Richmond-upon-Thames, London
• 418,000 write in 'Welsh' on 2001 Census form
• UK's different racial groups
• The United Colours of Britain
• Reassessing what we collect website History of ethnic minority communities in London with objects and images
• An outline of the immigration pattern of the Pakistani community in Britain - hWeb.org.uk

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v • d • e White people in the United Kingdom as represented in the United Kingdom Census "White British" "White Irish" "White Scottish" "White Other" "White"                 Northern Ireland  United Kingdom ·  England · Northern Ireland ·  Scotland ·  Wales

v • d • e Asians in the United Kingdom "South Asians" (Population approx. 3,580,000) "Middle Easterners" (Population approx. 950,000) "East Asians" (Population approx. 900,000) "South East Asians" (Population approx. 580,000) "Near Easterners" (Population approx. 550,000) Anglo-Indians* Asian Tanzanians¤ Asian Ugandans¤ Bangladeshi Indians Mauritians¤ Nepalis Pakistanis Tamils Afghans Arabs Assyrians Iranians Iraqis Kurds Yemenis Anglo-Burmese* Burmese Chinese Hongkongers Japanese Koreans Filipinos Indonesians Malays Malaysians Singaporeans Thais Vietnamese Armenians† Georgians† Israelis Lebanese Turks† * People belonging to this ethnic group are as much Asian as they are White British (multiracials) † Sometimes also cosidered European people ¤ Not from continental Asia but the country's population is significantly or predominantly Asian

v • d • e Ethnic groups in Europe Sovereign states Albania · Andorra · Armenia1 · Austria · Azerbaijan2 · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus1 · Czech Republic · Denmark4 · Estonia · Finland · France4, 5, 6 · Georgia2 · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Republic of Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan3 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands4 · Norway · Poland · Portugal6 · Romania · Russia3 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain6 · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey3 · Ukraine · United Kingdom (England • Northern Ireland • Scotland • Wales) Dependencies, autonomies, other territories Abkhazia 2 · Adjara1 · Adygea · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Åland · Azores · Bashkortostan · Chechnya · Chuvashia · Crimea · Dagestan · Faroe Islands · Gagauzia · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Ingushetia · Jan Mayen · Jersey · Kabardino-Balkaria · Kalmykia · Karachay-Cherkessia · Republic of Karelia · Komi Republic · Kosovo · Madeira7 · Isle of Man · Mari El · Mordovia · Nagorno-Karabakh1 · Nakhchivan1 · North Ossetia-Alania · Northern Cyprus1 · South Ossetia 2 · Svalbard · Tatarstan · Transnistria · Udmurtia · Vojvodina Italics indicates an unrecognised or partially recognised country.  1 / 7 Entirely in Asia / on the African Plate, but historically considered European.  2 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the border definitions.  3 / 4 / 5 / 6 Has part of its territory in Asia / North America / South America / Africa.

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