Special duty pay is for enlisted Soldiers in jobs that demand extra responsibility or extraordinary effort. Examples of these jobs include parachuting instructors, fuel specialists and combat controllers. Monthly amounts range from $55 to $375.

Hardship duty pay is additional compensation for Army Soldiers assigned to locations where living conditions are substantially below conditions in the continental United States. Soldiers who serve 30 or more days in a designated hardship area receive $50, $100 or $150 per month, depending on the area.

The Army pays up to $1000 per month to active duty Soldiers and offers a $6,000 per year bonus for qualified Army Reserve Soldiers who have been certified within the past 12 months to be proficient in a foreign language critical to the military and maintain their ability to read, speak and understand it.

Flight pay rewards Army pilots, navigators and other aviators for their service and duty. Many Career Enlisted Flyers are eligible for Career Enlisted Flyer Incentive Pay (CEFIP). Non-pilots aboard military aircraft who are not already drawing flight pay qualify for aircrew pay from $150 to $240 a month. Army Officers who hold or are in training for an aeronautical rating or designation and who remain in aviation service on a career basis qualify for incentive pay from $125 to $840 a month. Officer aviators who remain on Active Duty after their initial service commitment ends are eligible for up to $12,000 extra per year.

Special pay for medical and dental personnel helps narrow the gap between Army and civilian salaries for medical professionals. A variety of programs reward medical professionals who have various certifications, specialties and experience.

The risks associated with diving merit special pay. The maximum extra pay of $340 a month goes to enlisted Master Divers. Army Divers earn from $110 to $240 extra per month.

Sea Pay offsets the hardships of sea duty. Depending on service and years at sea, enlisted Soldiers receive $50 to $646 a month; Officers $100 to $535; Warrant Officers $180 to $730.

Officers do not receive sea pay until they spend more than three years on shipboard assignments. Enlisted Soldiers are eligible upon reaching the pay grade of E-4, regardless of time spent at sea.