National Lampoon's Animal House

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"Animal House" redirects here. For the Angie Martinez album, see Animal House (album).
National Lampoon's Animal House.

Theatrical poster
Directed by John Landis
Produced by Ivan Reitman
Matty Simmons
Written by Harold Ramis
Douglas Kenney
Chris Miller
Starring John Belushi
Tim Matheson
John Vernon
Verna Bloom
Thomas Hulce
Cesare Danova
Donald Sutherland
Music by Elmer Bernstein
Cinematography Charles Correll
Editing by George Folsey Jr.
Distributed by Universal Pictures
Release date(s) July 28 1978 (premiere)
Running time 109 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Budget $2,700,000
Gross revenue $141,600,000 (U.S.)

National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 comedy film directed by John Landis. The screenplay was adapted by Douglas Kenney, Chris Miller and Harold Ramis from stories written by Miller and published in National Lampoon magazine based on his experiences in the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity at Dartmouth College, as well as Ramis's experiences in the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity at Washington University in St. Louis. The film is about a misfit group of fraternity boys that take on the administration at their college.

Early casting ideas included Chevy Chase, Bill Murray, Brian Doyle-Murray, Dan Aykroyd, and John Belushi. Of these five comedians, only Belushi was cast and he received $35,000 for the film with a bonus after it became a hit. Much of the cast, including the likes of Karen Allen and Kevin Bacon, were struggling actors just starting out. The studio hated Landis's choices and wanted to cast dramatic actors as well as comedians. The actors who played the Deltas arrived five days before principal photography in order to bond with each other and get into character, including separating themselves from the actors playing the Omegas, which helped generate authentic animosity between them on camera.

Upon its initial release, Animal House received positive review from critics and Time magazine proclaimed it one of the year's best. It is considered to be the movie that launched the gross-out genre, although it was predated by several films now also included in the genre. Produced on a small $2.7 million budget, the film has turned out to be one of the most profitable movies of all time. Since its initial release, Animal House has garnered an estimated return of more than $141 million in the form of video and DVDs, not including merchandising. In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film culturally significant and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry. This film is first on Bravo's 100 Funniest Movies. It was number 36 on AFI's 100 Years, 100 Laughs list of the 100 best American comedies.

Contents

[edit] Plot summary

Two freshmen, Larry Kroger (Thomas Hulce) and Kent Dorfman (Stephen Furst) are trying to get accepted to a fraternity at fictional Faber College in 1962. They first try their luck at the Omega Theta Pi House invitational party but are repeatedly steered to an area with other undesirables. Larry and Kent then try next door at the Delta Tau Chi House since Kent's brother was once a member of Delta Tau Chi. They meet John "Bluto" Blutarsky (John Belushi), urinating outside. The Deltas "need the dues," so Larry and Kent are allowed to pledge Delta. They are sworn in as pledges and given the fraternity names "Pinto" (Larry) and "Flounder" (Kent). Meanwhile, Dean Vernon Wormer (John Vernon) is trying to remove the Deltas from campus. Since they are already on probation, he puts the Deltas on "Double Secret Probation" and orders the clean-cut Omega president Greg Marmalard (James Daughton) to assign Doug Neidermeyer (Mark Metcalf) the job of finding a way to get rid of the Deltas once and for all.

At the campus ROTC detachment drills, Neidermeyer, the pompous cadet commander, spots Flounder wearing a pledge pin on his uniform and begins berating him. Later, he orders Flounder to clean his horse's filthy stable stall. Bluto and D-Day talk Flounder into sneaking the hated animal into Dean Wormer's office. They give him a gun and tell him to shoot it. Unbeknownst to Flounder, the gun is loaded with blanks. He cannot bring himself to kill the horse and fires into the ceiling, but the noise causes the horse to have a heart attack and die. In the cafeteria the next day, Bluto provokes Marmalard and Omega pledge Chip (Kevin Bacon) with his impression of a popping zit. This starts a food fight that engulfs the cafeteria.

Later that day, Bluto and D-Day rummage through a trash bin to steal the answers to an upcoming psychology test. Unfortunately, the exam stencil had been planted by the Omegas, and the Deltas get every answer wrong. Their grade point averages drop so low that Wormer only needs one more incident to revoke their charter which allows them to reside on campus. Undaunted, the Deltas organize a toga party. A drunken Mrs. Wormer (Verna Bloom) crashes the party and spends the night with Otter. That turns out to be the last straw. Wormer gets the fraternity's charter revoked, and all of their belongings are confiscated. To take their minds off their troubles, Otter, Boon, Flounder, and Pinto go on a road trip. Otter picks up some girls from Emily Dickinson College, a local liberal arts college, by pretending to be the boyfriend of a girl recently killed on campus. They go to a roadhouse called the Dexter Lake Club, which has an all-black clientèle. Otis Day and the Knights happen to be playing there that night. Some of the hulking regulars are not amused and intimidate the guys into fleeing without their dates.

"Babs" (Martha Smith) lies to Marmalard, telling him that his girlfriend, Mandy (Mary Louise Weller), and Otter are having an affair. Marmalard and some of his fellow Omegas lure Otter to a motel and beat him up. The Deltas' midterm grades are so bad that they are all expelled from school by Wormer and their draft boards are notified of their eligibility. For revenge, the Deltas decide to wreak havoc on the annual Homecoming parade, inspired by Bluto's impassioned speech. In the ensuing chaos, he steals a car, abducts Mandy and drives off into the sunset, or rather to Washington, D.C., as the futures of many of the main characters are revealed.

[edit] Cast

[edit] Delta Tau Chi (ΔΤΧ)

  • Tim Matheson as Eric "Otter" Stratton: a smooth playboy whose room is an uncannily pristine seduction den amid the sheer filth of the rest of the Delta house. Otter is essentially the fraternity's unofficial leader. He goes on to become a gynecologist in Beverly Hills.
  • Peter Riegert as Donald "Boon" Schoenstein: Otter's best friend, who is forever having to decide between his Delta pals and his girlfriend Katy. They get married in 1964 and divorced in 1969. In the book adaption, Boon goes on to be a cab driver in New York City and a part time writer.
  • John Belushi as John "Bluto" Blutarsky: an abject, drunken degenerate with a style all his own, in his seventh year of college, sporting a GPA of 0.0. He goes on to become a United States Senator.
  • James Widdoes as Robert Hoover: the affable, reasonably clean-cut president of the fraternity, who desperately struggles to maintain a façade of normality to placate the Dean. He becomes a public defender in Baltimore.
  • Bruce McGill as Daniel Simpson Day, "D-Day": a tough biker with no grade point average: all classes incomplete. His later whereabouts are unknown.
  • Douglas Kenney as "Stork": During his first year, everyone thought the Stork was brain damaged; indeed, he only speaks one line in the entire film ("Well, what the hell're we s'posed ta do, ya moe-rons?").
  • Thomas Hulce as Lawrence "Pinto" Kroger: a shy but normal fellow, who becomes the editor of National Lampoon magazine. "Pinto" was screenwriter Chris Miller's nickname at his Dartmouth fraternity
  • Stephen Furst as Kent "Flounder" Dorfman: an overweight, clumsy legacy pledge, later a sensitivity trainer in Cleveland.

[edit] Omega Theta Pi (ΩΘΠ)

  • James Daughton as Gregory Marmalard: the president of Omega House and boyfriend of Mandy Pepperidge. He goes on to become a Nixon White House aide and is subsequently raped in prison in 1974.
  • Mark Metcalf as Douglas C. Niedermeyer: an ROTC cadet officer and scion of a military family who hates the Deltas with unbridled passion. He is killed by his own troops in Vietnam.
  • Kevin Bacon as Chip Diller: an Omega pledge who is trampled by the panicking crowd (in cartoonlike fashion) at the end of the movie.

[edit] Supporting characters

[edit] Production

[edit] Origins

Animal House was the first movie produced by National Lampoon, the most popular humor magazine on college campuses in the mid-1970s.[1] The periodical specialized in humor and satirized politics and popular culture. Many of the magazine’s writers were recent college graduates, hence their appeal to students all over the country. Doug Kenney was the magazine’s first editor-in-chief and also wrote for the Lampoon. He had graduated from Harvard University in 1969 and had a college experience closer to the Omegas in the film. For example, he was elected president of the elite Spee Club.[1] He was responsible for the first appearances of two characters that would appear in Animal House – Larry Kroger and Mandy Pepperidge. They made their debut in National Lampoon’s High School Yearbook, a satire published in 1975.

However, Kenney felt that fellow Lampoon writer Chris Miller was their expert on the college experience.[1] Faced with an impending deadline, Miller submitted a chapter from his then-abandoned memoirs entitled "The Night of the Seven Fires" that recalled the pledging experiences of his fraternity days in Alpha Delta Phi at the Ivy League's Dartmouth College, in Hanover, New Hampshire. The antics of his fellow ADs became the inspiration for the Delta Tau Chis of Animal House and many characters in the film (and their nicknames) were based on some of Miller's real-life fraternity brothers.[1] In fact, Miller's college nickname was "Pinto" in recognition of dark spots he had on a certain private part of his anatomy. Tom Hulce played the role of Pinto in the movie. Filmmaker Ivan Reitman had just finished producing David Cronenberg's first film, Shivers and called the magazine’s publisher Matty Simmons about making movies under the Lampoon banner.[2] Reitman had put together The National Lampoon Show in New York City that featured several future Saturday Night Live cast members, including John Belushi. When most of them moved to that show except for Ramis, Reitman approached him with an idea to make a film together using some of the skits from the Lampoon Show.[2]

[edit] Screenplay

Kenney met with another Lampoon writer, Harold Ramis, over brunch at the suggestion of Simmons. Ramis drew from his own fraternity experiences as a member of Zeta Beta Tau fraternity at Washington University in St. Louis and was working on a treatment about college entitled "Freshman Year" but the magazine’s editors were not happy with it.[1] Kenney and Ramis started working on a treatment together and created the premise of Charles Manson in high school and called it Laser Orgy Girls.[2] Simmons was not crazy about this idea so they changed the setting to college. Kenney was a fan of Miller’s frat stories and suggested using them as a basis for a movie. Kenney, Miller and Ramis met for brunch and began brainstorming ideas.[2] One thing they agreed on was that Belushi should star in it and Ramis wrote the part of Bluto specifically for the comedian, having met him at Chicago's The Second City.[3] At the time, he was committed to Saturday Night Live and spent Monday through Wednesday making the film and then flying back to New York City to do the show on Thursday through Saturday.[3]

The result was a 110 page treatment (the average was 15 pages) that Reitman and Simmons pitched to various Hollywood studios. Simmons met with Ned Tanen, an executive at Universal Studios who was encouraged by younger executives Sean Daniel and Thom Mount that were more receptive to the Lampoon type of humor.[1] Tanen hated the idea. Ramis remembers, "We went further than I think Universal expected or wanted. I think they were shocked and appalled. Chris’ fraternity had virtually been a vomiting cult. And we had a lot of scenes that were almost orgies of vomit... We didn’t back off anything".[2] As the writers created more drafts of the screenplay (nine in total), the studio gradually became more excited about the project, especially Mount, who was responsible for championing it.[4] Surprisingly, the studio green-lighted the film and set the budget at a modest $3 million.[1] Simmons remembers, "They just figured, ‘Screw it, it’s a silly little movie, and we’ll make a couple of bucks if we’re lucky – let them do whatever they want.’"[2]

[edit] Casting

Initially, Reitman had wanted to direct but had only made one film, Cannibal Girls, for $5,000.[2] The film's producers approached Richard Lester and Bob Rafelson before considering John Landis who got the job directing Animal House based on his work on the Kentucky Fried Movie.[4] That film’s script and continuity supervisor was the girlfriend of Sean Daniel, an assistant to Mount. Daniel saw Landis’ movie and recommended him to direct Animal House. Landis then met with Mount, Reitman and Simmons and got the job.[2] Ramis originally wrote the role of Boon for himself but Landis felt that he looked too old for the part and Peter Riegert was cast instead. Landis did offer Ramis a smaller part, but Ramis declined. Landis remembers, "When I was given the script, it was the funniest thing I had ever read up to that time. But it was really offensive. There was a great deal of projectile vomiting and rape and all these things".[5] There was also a certain amount of friction between Landis and the writers early on because he was a high school dropout from Hollywood and they were college graduates. Ramis remembers, "He sort of referred immediately to Animal House as ‘my movie.’ We’d been living with it for two years and we hated that".[2] According to Landis, he drew inspiration from classic Hollywood comedies featuring the likes of Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, and the Marx Brothers.[6]

The initial cast was to feature Chevy Chase as Otter, Bill Murray as Boon, Brian Doyle-Murray as Hoover, Dan Aykroyd as D-Day and John Belushi as Bluto, but only Belushi wanted to do it. Chase turned them down to do Foul Play.[2] The character of D-Day was based on Aykroyd, who was a motorcycle aficionado. Aykroyd was offered the part, but he was already committed to Saturday Night Live.[4] Landis met with Jack Webb to play Dean Wormer and Kim Novak to play his wife. Webb ultimately backed out due to concerns over his clean-cut image, and was replaced by John Vernon.[2]

Belushi received only $35,000 for Animal House with a bonus after it became a hit.[3] Landis also met with Meat Loaf to play Bluto in case Belushi did not want to do it. Landis worked with Belushi on his character and they decided that Bluto was a cross between Harpo Marx and the Cookie Monster. Much of the cast, including Karen Allen, Tom Hulce, Mark Metcalf, Bruce McGill and Kevin Bacon, were struggling actors just starting out. The studio hated Landis's choices and wanted to cast dramatic actors as well as comedians.[2] Despite the presence of Belushi, Universal wanted another movie star because they said that the whole movie did not have a star; just a lot of sub-plots. Landis had been a crew member on Kelly's Heroes and had become friends with actor Donald Sutherland (he even used to babysit his son, Kiefer).[2] Landis called up Sutherland and asked him to be in the film. He ended up becoming the highest-paid member of the cast. Sutherland's casting was essential for the movie being picked up by Universal as they were reluctant to produce a picture with no stars, and the veteran actor was one of the biggest stars of the 1970s. For two days work on the picture, Sutherland was initially offered $35,000. He told Landis that Universal had to do better than that. Universal then offered him $35,000 and 15% of the film's gross; assuming that the movie would be quickly forgotten. Sutherland wanted sure money and settled for $50,000, a decision which (by his own admission) has cost him millions.[2]

[edit] Locations

Plaque at the site where the house used to portray the Delta House formerly stood

The filmmakers' next problem was finding a college that would let them shoot the film on their campus.[2] They had submitted the script to a number of colleges and universities, and the movie was set to be filmed at the University of Missouri until the president of the school read the script and refused permission. The University of Oregon agreed because after consulting with student government leaders and officers of Pan Hellenic Council, the Director of University Relations advised the president that the script, although raunchy and often tasteless, was a very funny spoof of college life.[2]

The president of University of Oregon had been a senior administrator of a major California university years before. Back in the late 1960s his campus was considered for being the location for the film The Graduate.[2] After he consulted with other senior administrative colleagues who advised him to turn it down, production moved to the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Southern California. The reason given by the president was that the board believed the film script to be without artistic merit. The Graduate went on to become a classic. He was determined not to make the same mistake twice, even allowing the filmmakers to use his office as Dean Wormer's.[2]

The actual house that was depicted as the Delta House was originally a residence in Eugene, the Dr. A.W. Patterson House. Around 1959, it was acquired by the Psi Deuteron chapter of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and was their chapter house until 1967, when the chapter was closed due to low membership and the house was sold and slid into disrepair, with the spacious porch removed and the lawn graveled over. The interior of the Sigma Nu house was used for nearly all of the interior scenes. The individual rooms were filmed on a soundstage. At the time of the shooting, the Phi Kappa Psi and Sigma Nu fraternity houses sat next to the old Phi Sigma Kappa house. The Omega House was actually the Phi Kappa Psi House; it is now the Alpha Epsilon Pi house.[7] The Patterson house was demolished in 1986.[8] A suite of physicians' offices now occupies the site. A large boulder placed to the west of the entrance to the parking lot displays a bronze plaque commemorating the Delta House location.

[edit] Principal photography

Landis brought the actors who played the Deltas up five days early in order to bond. Actor James Widdoes remembers, "It was like freshman orientation. There was a lot of getting to know each other and calling each other by our character names".[2] This tactic encouraged the actors playing the Deltas to separate themselves from the actors playing the Omegas, helping generate authentic animosity between them on camera.[2] One night, some girls invited several of the cast members to a fraternity party. They arrived assuming they had been invited and were greeted with open hostility.[2] As they were leaving, Widdoes threw a cup of beer at a group of drunk football players and a fight broke out. Tim Matheson, Bruce McGill, Peter Riegert, and Widdoes narrowly escaped with McGill suffering a black eye and Widdoes had several teeth knocked out.[2]

The actors playing the Deltas stayed at the Rodeway Inn where they moved an old piano from the lobby into McGill's room which became known as "party central".[2] Belushi and his wife, Judy, had a house in the suburbs in order to keep him away from alcohol and drugs.[2] While shooting the film, Landis and Bruce McGill staged a scene for reporters visiting the set where the director pretended to be angry at the actor for being difficult on the set.[9] Landis grabbed a breakaway pitcher and smashed it over McGill's head who fell to the ground and pretended to be unconscious. The reporters really believed the incident and when Landis asked McGill to get up, he refused to move.[9] The studio became more enthusiastic about the film when Reitman showed executives and sales managers of various regions in the country a 10-minute production reel that was put together in two days.[4] The reaction was very positive and the studio ordered 20 copies and sent them out to exhibitors.[4] The first preview screening for Animal House was held in Denver four months before it opened nationwide. The crowd loved it and the filmmakers realized they had a potential hit on their hands.[2]

[edit] Soundtrack and score

Animal House: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Animal House: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack cover
Soundtrack by various artists
Released 1978
Genre Rock and roll, R&B, film score
Length 36:23
Label MCA
Professional reviews

The soundtrack is a mix of rock and roll and rhythm and blues with the original score created by film composer Elmer Bernstein, who had been a Landis family friend since John Landis was a child.[10] Bernstein was easily persuaded to score the film, but was not sure what to make of it. Landis asked him to score it as though it were serious.[10] Bernstein said that his work on this film opened yet another door in his diverse career, to scoring comedies (he would write the so-called God music segment in the Landis picture The Blues Brothers, for example).[11]

In the film, the R&B band Otis Day and the Knights is depicted performing 'Shout' at the Delta house toga party and later, at an all-black club, doing "Shama Lama Ding Dong". On the soundtrack album, the tracks are credited to a singer named Lloyd Williams. In the film, Otis Day is portrayed by actor DeWayne Jessie.[12]

[edit] Soundtrack album listing

  1. "Faber College Theme", composed by Elmer Bernstein
  2. "Louie Louie", written by Richard Berry; performed by John Belushi
  3. "Twistin' the Night Away", written and performed by Sam Cooke
  4. "Tossin' and Turnin'", written and performed by Bobby Lewis
  5. "Shama Lama Ding Dong", written by Mark Davis; performed by Lloyd Williams
  6. "Hey Paula", written by Ray Hildenbrand and performed by Paul & Paula
  7. "Animal House", written and performed by Stephen Bishop
  8. Intro
  9. "Money (That's What I Want)", written by Berry Gordy and Janie Bradford; performed by John Belushi
  10. "Let's Dance", written by Jim Lee; performed by Chris Montez
  11. "Dream Girl", written and performed by Stephen Bishop
  12. "Wonderful World", written and performed by Sam Cooke
  13. "Shout", written by Rudolph Isley, O'Kelly Isley, Jr. and Ronald Isley; performed by Lloyd Williams
  14. "Faber College Theme", composed by Elmer Bernstein

[edit] Other songs in the film

[edit] Reaction

On its opening weekend, Animal House grossed USD $276,538, in 12 theaters.[13] The film grossed over one million dollars a week to become the third most popular film in the United States that year.[14] It made $120.1 million in North America and went on to have a domestic lifetime gross of $141.6 million.[13]

[edit] Critical reception

At the time of its release, Animal House received positive reviews from critics.[15] Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars and wrote, "It's anarchic, messy, and filled with energy. It assaults us. Part of the movie's impact comes from its sheer level of manic energy... But the movie's better made (and better acted) than we might at first realize. It takes skill to create this sort of comic pitch, and the movie's filled with characters that are sketched a little more absorbingly than they had to be, and acted with perception".[16] In his review for Time, Frank Rich wrote, "At its best it perfectly expresses the fears and loathings of kids who came of age in the late '60's; at its worst Animal House revels in abject silliness. The hilarious highs easily compensate for the puerile lows".[17] In his review for the Washington Post, Gary Arnold praised Belushi's performance: "Belushi also controls a wicked array of conspiratorial expressions with the audience... He can seem irresistibly funny in repose or invest minor slapstick opportunities with a streak of genius".[18] David Ansen wrote in Newsweek, "But if Animal House lacks the inspired tastelessness of the Lampoon's High School Yearbook Parody, this is still low humor of a high order".[19] In his review for the Globe and Mail, Robert Martin wrote, "It is so gross and tasteless you feel you should be disgusted but it's hard to be offended by something that is so sidesplittingly funny".[20] Time magazine proclaimed Animal House one of the year's best.[21]

When the film was released, John Landis and cast members James Widdoes and Karen Allen went on a national promotional tour.[9] Universal Pictures spent $4.7 million dollars promoting the film at selected college campuses and helped students organize their own toga parties.[22][23] One such party at the University of Maryland attracted approximately 2,000 people, while students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison tried for a crowd of 10,000 people and a place in the Guinness Book of World Records.[23] Thanks to the film, toga parties were the model for the fall of 1978's favorite college campus happening.[3]

[edit] Spin-offs

Main article: Delta House

The film inspired a short-lived half-hour ABC television sitcom, Delta House, in which John Vernon reprised his role as the long-suffering, malevolent Dean Wormer. The series also included Steven Furst as Flounder, Bruce McGill as D-Day and James Widdoes as Hoover.[24] The pilot episode was written by the film's screenwriters: Douglas Kenney, Chris Miller, and Harold Ramis.[25] Michelle Pfeiffer made her acting debut in the series and Peter Fox was cast as Otter. John Belushi's character from the film, John "Bluto" Blutarsky, is in the army, but his brother, Blotto, played by Josh Mostel, transfers to Faber College to carry on in his sibling's tradition.[25]

Animal House also inspired Co-Ed Fever, another sitcom but with none of the involvement of the film's producers or cast.[24] Set in a dorm of the formerly all-female Baxter College, the pilot of Co-Ed Fever was aired by CBS on February 4, 1979, but the network canceled the series before airing any more episodes.[26] NBC also had its Animal House-inspired sitcom, Brothers and Sisters, in which three members of Crandall College's Pi Nu fraternity interact with members of the Gamma Iota sorority.[24] Like ABC's Delta House, Brothers and Sisters lasted only three months.[27]

The film's writers planned a movie sequel set in 1967 (the "Summer of Love"), in which the Deltas have a reunion for Pinto's marriage in Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco.[28] The only Delta to have become a hippie is Flounder, who is now called Pisces. Later, Chris Miller and John Weidman, another Lampoon writer, created a treatment for this screenplay, but Universal rejected it because the sequel to American Graffiti (More American Graffiti), which had a few hippie-1967 sequences, had not done well. When John Belushi died, the idea shelved indefinitely.[28]

[edit] Home video

Animal House was released on videodisc in 1979.[29] A Collector's Edition DVD was released in 2002 and featured a 30-minute 1998 documentary entitled "The Yearbook - An Animal House Reunion" by producer JM Kenny with new interviews with many of the cast and crew, including director Landis, stars Tim Matheson, Karen Allen, Peter Riegert, Mark Metcalf, and Kevin Bacon. Also included were production notes and the theatrical trailer.[30] The "Double Secret Probation Edition" DVD released in 2003 features the members of the cast reprising their respective roles in a "Where Are They Now?" mockumentary, which purported that the original film had been a documentary. One major change shown in this mockumentary from the epilogue of the original film is that Bluto went on from his career in the U.S. Senate to become the President of the United States, with a brief announcer voiceover combined with a shot of the north portico of The White House, as actor John Belushi had died in 1982. This DVD also includes "Did You Know That? Universal Animated Anecdotes," a subtitle trivia track, the making of documentary from the Collector's Edition, MXPX "Shout" music video, a theatrical trailer, production notes, and cast and filmmakers biographies.[31]

[edit] Legacy

It is considered to be the movie that launched the gross-out genre (although it was predated by several films now also included in the genre) inspiring countless other comedies such as Porky's, the Police Academy films, the American Pie films, and Old School among others.[1][6] Produced on a small ($2.7 million) budget, the film has turned out to be one of the most profitable movies of all time. Since its initial release, Animal House has garnered an estimated return of more than $141 million in the form of video and DVDs, not including merchandising. In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film culturally significant and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.[32] Animal House is first on Bravo's 100 Funniest Movies. The film was #36 on AFI's 100 Years, 100 Laughs list of the 100 best American comedies.[33] In 2006 Miller wrote a more comprehensive memoir of his experiences in Dartmouth's AD house in a book entitled, The Real Animal House: The Awesomely Depraved Saga of the Fraternity That Inspired the Movie. In that book, Miller recounts any number of high jinks (and low jinks) that were considered too risque for the movie.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Peterson, Molly (July 29, 2002). "National Lampoon's Animal House". NPR. http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/patc/animalhouse/. Retrieved on 2008-08-13. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Nashawaty, Chris (July 29, 2002). "Building Animal House". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,285149,00.html. Retrieved on 2007-01-31. 
  3. ^ a b c d Schwartz, Tony (October 23, 1978). "College Humor Comes Back". Newsweek: pp. 88. 
  4. ^ a b c d e Medjuck, Joe (July 1978). "The Further Adventures of Ivan Reitman". Take One. http://moviejunkarchive.blogspot.com/2007/05/further-adventures-of-ivan-reitman.html. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. 
  5. ^ Olson, Eric (October 23, 1978). "Director, John Landis: The Dean Speaks". Digital Movie Talk. 
  6. ^ a b Mitchell, Elvis (August 25, 2003). "Revisiting Faber College (Toga, Toga, Toga!)". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/25/movies/25ANIM.html. Retrieved on 2009-04-21. 
  7. ^ "AEPi Oregon". University of Oregon. http://www.uoregon.edu/~aepi/house.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-20. 
  8. ^ "On Film". University of Oregon Archives. October 23, 1978. http://libweb.uoregon.edu/speccoll/archives/. Retrieved on 2007-08-16. 
  9. ^ a b c Arnold, Gary (August 13, 1978). "The Madcap World of John Landis". Washington Post: pp. H1. 
  10. ^ a b Kenny, J.M (1998). "The Yearbook: An Animal House Reunion". Animal House: Collector's Edition DVD (Universal Studios). 
  11. ^ Goldwasser, Dan (July 12, 2005). "Trading Memories". SoundtrackNet. http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=156. Retrieved on 2008-10-10. 
  12. ^ Olsen, Eric (August 25, 2003). "Animal House Soundtrack". Blogcritics Magazine. http://blogcritics.org/archives/2003/08/25/181107.php. Retrieved on 2008-08-13. 
  13. ^ a b "National Lampoon's Animal House". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=animalhouse.htm. Retrieved on 2007-10-10. 
  14. ^ Zito, Tom (September 8, 1978). "The Sleaze is Pleased". Washington Post: pp. D1. 
  15. ^ "The Lampoon Goes Hollywood". Time. August 14, 1978. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946997,00.html. Retrieved on 2009-04-23. 
  16. ^ Ebert, Roger (January 1, 1978). "National Lampoon's Animal House". Chicago Sun-Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19780101/REVIEWS/801010308/1023. Retrieved on 2008-07-24. 
  17. ^ Rich, Frank (August 14, 1978). "School Days". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946996,00.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-20. 
  18. ^ Arnold, Gary (August 11, 1978). "National Lampoon's Animal House: Bringing the Beast Out of the Fraternity". Washington Post: pp. B1. 
  19. ^ Ansen, David (August 7, 1978). "Gross Out". Newsweek: pp. 85. 
  20. ^ Martin, Robert (August 5, 1978). "Animal House - A Lampoon Zoo". Globe and Mail. 
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