Inland Empire (California)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 Common name: Inland Empire (IE) |
|
| Largest city Other cities |
Riverside - San Bernardino - Rancho Cucamonga - Ontario - Fontana - Moreno Valley - Murrieta - Corona - Palm Springs - Redlands - Temecula - Twentynine Palms |
| Population | Ranked 14th in the U.S. |
| - Total | CSA - 17,775,984[1] |
| - Density | 2,665/sq. mi. 1,029/km² |
| Area | 27,298 sq. mi. 70,669 km² |
| State(s) | California |
| Elevation | |
| - Highest point | 11,499 feet (3,505 m) |
| - Lowest point | -220 feet (-67.1 m) |
The Inland Empire is a region mainly located in Southeast California, particularly the Riverside and San Bernardino counties. It is the second largest metropolitan area in Southern California, third in California, 14th largest in the United States and 25th in the Americas. It generally encompasses the urbanized, western areas of those counties. The Inland Empire is centered in the region's oldest cities: Ontario, San Bernardino, and Riverside. These cities were established at about the end of the 19th century and were major centers of agriculture including citrus, dairy, and wine-making. The name "Inland Empire" was first used in the 1950s to distinguish the region from the coastal communities of the Greater Los Angeles Area, and Los Angeles itself.
The "Inland" part of the name is derived from the region's location about 37 miles (60 km) inland from the Pacific Ocean (from Huntington Beach) and east of downtown Los Angeles. The most accepted physical boundaries between Los Angeles and the Inland Empire from west to east are the San Jose Hills splitting the San Gabriel Valley from the Pomona Valley, leading to the urban populations centered in the San Bernardino Valley. From the south to north, the Santa Ana Mountains physically divide Orange from San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. The Santa Rosa Mountains, as well as the Southern California portion of the Sonoran Desert, physically divides Riverside from San Diego county. Interconnectivity provided by one of the most comprehensive freeway systems in the United States has eroded any sense of physical boundaries between the Inland Empire and the Greater Los Angeles area.
Since the 1970s a rapidly growing population has led to more residential, commercial, and industrial development in this rural "intermediate" area east of LA and Orange County, and north of San Diego County. With a population of over 4 million people,[2] the Inland Empire is the 14th largest metropolitan area in the United States.
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[edit] History
Prior to the mid-19th century, the area was sparsely populated by Native Americans; the Spanish and Mexicans who once controlled the area considered it largely unsuitable for colonization. The first group of White American settlers arrived over the Cajon Pass in 1851, in the form of Mormon pioneers who were the first settlers of San Bernardino. Although the Mormons left a scant six years later, recalled to Salt Lake by Brigham Young during the church's standoff with the US government, more settlers soon followed.
The entire landmass of Southern California was subdivided according to the San Bernardino Meridian, which was first plotted as part of the Public Land Survey System in November 1852, by Col. Henry Washington. Base Line road, a major thoroughfare, today runs from Highland to San Dimas, intermittently along the absolute baseline coordinates plotted by Col. Washington.[3]
San Bernardino County was first formed out of parts of Los Angeles County on April 26, 1853. While the partition once included what is today most of Riverside County, the region is not as monolithic as it may sound. Rivalries between Colton, Redlands, Riverside and San Bernardino over the location of the county seat in the 1890s caused each of them to form their own civic communities, each with their own newspapers. On August 14, 1893 the Senate allowed Riverside County to form out of land previously in San Bernardino and San Diego counties, after rejecting a bill for Pomona to split from LA County and become the seat of what would have been called San Antonio County.[4]
The arrival of railroads and the importation of navel and Valencia orange trees in the 1870s touched off explosive growth, with the area quickly becoming a major center for citrus production.[5] [6][7] This agricultural boom continued with the arrival of water from the Colorado River and the rapid growth of Los Angeles in the early 20th century, with dairy farming becoming another staple industry. In 1926, Route 66 (now known as Foothill Boulevard) came through the northern parts of the area, bringing a stream of tourists and migrants to the region. Still, the region endured as the key part of the Southern California "Citrus belt" until the end of World War II, when a new generation of real-estate developers bulldozed acres of agricultural land to build suburbs.[5] The precursor to the San Bernardino Freeway, the Ramona Expressway, was built in 1944, and further development of the freeway system facilitated the expansion of suburbs and human migration throughout the Inland Empire and Southern California.
[edit] Geography
Unlike most metropolitan areas that have grown up around a central city, the Inland Empire is composed of many small and medium sized cities and unincorporated communities that together form the 14th-largest metropolitan area in the nation. Los Angeles County and Orange County border the Inland Empire to the West; Inyo and Kern to the North, San Diego and Imperial County to the South and the States of Arizona and Nevada to the East. The Inland Empire stretches from the Los Angeles County - San Bernardino County border through the San Bernardino Valley, encompassing the San Bernardino Mountains and the high and low deserts to the Nevada and Arizona state lines. Suburban sprawl, centering around the cities of Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ontario, spreads out to form a unified whole with the Greater Los Angeles area, with further development encroaching past the mountains into the outlying desert areas. The San Bernardino valley floor houses roughly over 80% of the total human population in the IE.[8]
Elevations range from 11,499 feet (3,505 m) at the top of the San Gorgonio Mountain to 220 ft (-67.1 m) below sea level at the Salton Sea. The San Bernardino mountains are home to the San Bernardino National Forest and the resort communities of Big Bear Lake, Lake Arrowhead, and Running Springs. The Santa Ana River extends from Mt. San Gorgonio for nearly 100 miles (160 km) through San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties before it eventually spills into the Pacific Ocean at Newport Beach and Huntington Beach. While temperatures are generally cool to cold in the mountains, it can get hot in the valleys. In the desert resort of Palm Springs, near Joshua Tree National Park, summer temperatures can reach well over 110 degrees.
The developed area of the IE consists of the following valleys: Chino Valley, Coachella Valley, Cucamonga Valley, Menifee Valley, Murrieta Valley, Perris Valley, San Bernardino Valley (Largest valley in the Inland Empire), Temecula Valley, and Victor Valley. The Inland Empire is popular for recreational activities such as skiing the San Bernardinos. In Southwestern Riverside County, Lake Elsinore is popular among boating enthusiasts.
Some residents call the area "the 909" (after the region's primary telephone area code, 909).[9] This term has been picked up on popular radio and television programs such as The O.C. (which centers on a character originally from Chino who relocates to wealthy Newport Beach). In 2004 because of growing demand for telephone numbers most of Riverside County was granted a new area code, 951.
[edit] Economics
[edit] Housing
Since the 1950s, the area has evolved from a rural to a suburban environment. In addition to existing cities such as Riverside and San Bernardino, the region now comprises numerous suburban cities known as bedroom communities such as Rancho Cucamonga. Affordable home ownership is the primary motivation behind the growth in these Inland Empire communities as homes there are generally less expensive than comparable homes in Orange and Los Angeles Counties, however, still generally more expensive than the rest of the nation. The steady rise in population and the strong demand for housing has led to a dramatic increase in single-family residential construction on lots of 1/4 acre (1,000 m²) or more (as opposed to high-density development such as multi-level apartments or condominiums). Much of the vacant land is rapidly being developed to the chagrin of those who grew up living 'in the country'. In addition, much of the land that was used for agriculture is now being sold by their owners and being converted for use for more intensive purposes such shopping centers, industrial warehouses, etc. This continuous development, due to the various interests involved, has become seemingly unplanned and uncontrolled suburban sprawl.[10]
[edit] Retail
Retailing in the area has increased to keep abreast with the rapidly growing suburban population. The region is home to several large upscale shopping malls, including the Shoppes at Chino Hills in Chino Hills, Montclair Plaza in Montclair, the Galleria at Tyler in Riverside, Ontario Mills in Ontario, Dos Lagos in Corona, Promenade Mall in Temecula, Moreno Valley Mall in Moreno Valley, Victoria Gardens Mall in Rancho Cucamonga and the Inland Center mall in San Bernardino, California. In fiscal year 2006, retail sales in San Bernardino County grew by 11.9% to $31.2 billion, while sales in Riverside County were up 11.3% to $29.6 billion.[11]
[edit] Industry
Inexpensive land prices (compared to Los Angeles and Orange Counties), a large supply of vacant land, and a transport network where many highways and railroads intersect have made the Inland Empire a major shipping hub. Some of the nation's largest manufacturing companies have chosen the Inland Empire for their distribution facilities including Toyota Motor Corporation's North American Parts and Logistics Distribution (NAPLD) center in Ontario and APL Logistics in Rancho Cucamonga. Whirlpool Corporation recently leased a 1,700,000-square-foot (158,000 m2) distribution center in Perris that is larger than 31 football fields and one of the biggest warehouses in the country.[12] These centers operate as part of the system that transports finished goods and materials from the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to destinations to the north and east such as Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Denver. More than 80% percent of the state's imported cargo is shipped through the Los Angeles/Inland Empire Corridor.[13]
While urbanization continues to cut into agricultural lands, the Inland Empire still produces substantial crops, from grapefruit in the Coachella Valley to milk in Chino. Although 10,000 acres (40 km2) of irrigated land was lost between 2002 and 2004, agriculture still brought in more than $1.6 billion in revenues to the two-county region in 2006.[6]
[edit] Environmental quality
 |
 |
| The Inland Empire is subject to smog conditions on a regular basis as seen here, looking south, from the north terminus of Haven Avenue in Rancho Cucamonga. Note how the street 'fades' into the smoggy haze and the Santa Ana Mountains are completely obscured. | The Inland Empire is also subject to Santa Ana Winds that lead to generally clear days, free of smog or the marine layer. Note how the street that 'faded' into the smoggy haze and the Santa Ana Mountains that were completely obscured in the image to the left is now visible. |
The result of this ongoing development has resulted in greater employment opportunities, increased affluence of the populace, and homeownership. Unfortunately, increased traffic congestion, degradation in air quality, and loss of open and environmentally sensitive land has been the negative result.[14] The solution to these problems is not simple. The presence of so many municipal jurisdictions within the Inland Empire which often have different 'visions' for their respective futures means that no two cities can mutually agree on a solution or, just as common, have unequal means for implementing one. The lack of an organized or unequal enforcement of existing laws and policies further undermines any solution that could be proposed. Lastly, the pace at which development occurs (fast) versus the ability of government to respond to changes (slow) means that it could easily take years, if not decades, for a viable solution (such as new roads, pollution controls, etc.) to go into effect.[15]
[edit] Air pollution
Air pollution, or suspended particulate matter locally generated from the increased number of automobiles in the area, from point sources such as factories, dust carried into the air by construction activity, and the contribution of similar pollutants from the Los Angeles area has regularly caused the Inland Empire to be at, or near, the bottom of many air quality ratings. In 2004, the EPA rated the San Bernardino-Riverside area as having the worst particulate air pollution in the United States (although the San Joaquin Valley in central California had the worst overall air pollution).[16] The air pollution problem is exacerbated by the region's location which is surrounded by mountain ranges to the north and east; the mountains 'contain' these aerosols which otherwise would be carried out of the region by the prevailing winds which typically flow from west to east.
[edit] Water pollution
Water pollution has also been found in the Santa Ana River and Cajon wash, and pollutants from the March Air Reserve Base and Stringfellow Acid Pits have contaminated much of the groundwater in Riverside County.[8] In 1997, perchlorate, a chemical used to produce explosives, was discovered to be seeping into the groundwater under Rialto in a plume that continues to grow. In 2007, the Rialto City council petitioned the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for Superfund status to clean up the origin site. The sites comprising March Air Reserve Base, Norton Air Force Base and the Stringfellow Acid Pits have already been classified as EPA Superfund toxic waste sites.[17]
[edit] Traffic congestion
Traffic congestion problems on the roadways, as with elsewhere in Southern California, is, simply stated, the result of the steady increase in the number of vehicles and a transportation infrastructure network that has not been expanded accordingly. Many of the existing freeways were completed in the late 1970s. With the exception of the segment of the Foothill Freeway, State Route 210 (SR 210) between San Dimas and San Bernardino recently completed in July, 2007. New freeways or highways "Fix Up's" are indeed being planned, such as the expansion of the length of the 215 freeway around Inland Center Mall, and the bridges connecting the 215 and 60 freeways. Another problem is the jobs vs. housing imbalance. In general, most of the higher paying jobs are located in Los Angeles and Orange County. Thus, workers must commute daily up to two hours (each direction) on the existing network. As the population increases, the problem is most certainly going to increase as well. Forbes Magazine recently ranked the area first in its list of America's most unhealthy commutes, beating out every other major metropolitan area in the country, as Inland area drivers breathe the unhealthiest air and have the highest rate of fatal auto accidents per capita.[18]
[edit] Transportation
[edit] Freeway System
(State Route 2)
San Bernardino Freeway (Interstate 10)
Mojave Freeway/Barstow Freeway/Ontario Freeway/Corona Freeway/Temecula Valley Freeway/Escondido Freeway (Interstate 15)
(State Route 18)
(State Route 38)
Needles Freeway (Interstate 40)
(State Route 58)
Pomona Freeway/Moreno Valley Freeway (State Route 60)
(State Route 62)
(State Route 66)
Corona Expressway/Chino Valley Freeway (State Route 71)
(State Route 74)
(State Route 78)
(State Route 79)
(State Route 83)
(State Route 86)
(State Route 86S)
Riverside Freeway (State Route 91)
(U.S. Route 95)
(State Route 111)
(State Route 127)
(State Route 138)
(State Route 142)
(State Route 173)
(State Route 177)
(State Route 178)
(State Route 189)
(State Route 195)
Foothill Freeway (State Route 210)
Barstow Freeway/San Bernardino Freeway/Riverside Freeway/Moreno Valley Freeway/Escondido Freeway (Interstate 215)
(State Route 243)
(State Route 247)
(State Route 259)
(State Route 330)
(State Route 371)
(U.S. Route 395)
(County Route R2)
(County Route R3)
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[edit] Public Transportation
The Bi-County region, like many major metropolitan areas, highly depends on public transportation. Omnitrans is the largest commuter in San Bernardino County, while the Riverside Transit Agency is the largest in Riverside County. Metrolink commuter rail provides service to points throughout the Inland Empire, and to the remainder of the greater Los Angeles area.
[edit] Airports
Three major airports serve the Inland Empire Metropolitan Area: Ontario, Palm Springs, and San Bernardino. However there are many general aviation airports across the Bi-County region.
[edit] Demographics
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1900 | 45,826 |
|
|
| 1910 | 91,402 | 99.5% | |
| 1920 | 123,698 | 35.3% | |
| 1930 | 214,924 | 73.7% | |
| 1940 | 266,632 | 24.1% | |
| 1950 | 451,688 | 69.4% | |
| 1960 | 809,782 | 79.3% | |
| 1970 | 1,143,146 | 41.2% | |
| 1980 | 1,558,182 | 36.3% | |
| 1990 | 2,588,793 | 66.1% | |
| 2000 | 3,254,821 | 25.7% | |
| Est. 2008 | 4,115,871 | 26.5% | |
The Inland Empire is described as a Metropolitan Statistical Area by the U.S. Census Bureau, notated as Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA. With 4.1 million people, it is the 14th largest metropolitan area in the United States. In addition, according to the 2000 Census, it is the fastest growing area in the state. Between 1990 and 2000, Riverside and San Bernardino counties added 700,000 to their population totals, an increase of 26%.[19] Between 2000 and 2008 Inland Empire's population expanded by 861,000 or 26.5%. According to census bureau's 2005-2007 estimatates 61.79% of the population was White (40.41% White Non-hispanic), 7.49% Black, 5.74% Asian and 24.98% of other or mixed race. 43.90% were Hispanic of any race. 21.92 % of the population was foreign born.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that in 2006, 33.1% of people in the San Bernardino-Ontario area were overweight, and 30.8% were obese. Forbes Magazine ranks the area as the fourth fattest in the country.[20]
A substantial majority of residents (76.6%), last comparatively surveyed in 2001, rated their respective counties as good places to live. Over 81% of Riverside County residents indicated that their county is a very good or fairly good place to live, while about 72% of residents in San Bernardino County felt the same way. Survey respondents cited "nice living area," "good climate," and "affordable housing" as the top positive factors in assessing their respective communities. Smog was by far the most important negative factor affecting respondents’ ratings in both counties, while traffic was the 2nd highest concern in Riverside County and crime the 2nd highest concern among San Bernardino County residents.[21]
[edit] Politics
While the region as a whole has traditionally leaned more Republican than the rest of California, newer residents are less likely to identify with the Republican party than longer-term residents (36 percent to 42 percent), and the total number of residents identifying with the Democrats (34%) now slightly edges over the number identifying with the Republican party (33%). However, voting rates are lower than in the rest of the state, and as the population grows there is also a trend away from civic engagement entirely. Among more recent residents, only 19% belong to civic organizations and 9% have served as a volunteer in a community organization. By contrast, 28% of long-term residents belong to community organizations and 15% have volunteered. Whites and African Americans have the highest participation rates for nearly every type of political activity, while Latinos and Asian Americans lag significantly behind other groups in terms of volunteerism and organizational membership. However, the 2006 immigration protests have significantly boosted political participation among Latinos, with nearly one in seven participating in demonstrations and marches that year.[22]
[edit] Religion
78% of Inland residents view themselves as Christians. 39% identify as Catholic, 14% as Protestant, and 25% as some other type of Christian. (36% of total Inland Christians view themselves as "born again.") 1% of the population are Jewish, 6% belong to some other religion, and 14% profess no religion. 27% of Inland residents attend some form of religious service once a week, 14% attend more than once a week, 15% once a month, and 14% only attend services on major religious holidays.[22][23]
[edit] Crime
While the crime index in Riverside and Ontario tends slightly over the national average, San Bernardino has a crime index consistently near or over twice that of the national average.[24][25][26][27]
Latino gangs have been active in the region since the area's citrus days while a continual migration of African American gangs from LA has flowed into the area since the Watts Riots.[4][28] Today, the number of gangs with roots outside the area far exceeds the number of local gangs active in the IE, which is easily notable as gang members frequently identify themselves with tattoos bearing their home turf and affiliations.[29][30] The increased diversity in the region between 1990 and 2000 is also associated with a 20% increase in hate crime in the same period, mostly ascribed to increased gang activity.[31][32] According to data from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program, taken together, Riverside and San Bernardino counties showed a total of 51,237 crimes reported to county police/sheriffs (but not to city or other agencies) in 2006; this combined total exceeded the totals for all other California counties—considered individually—except for Sacramento.[33]
The region has also been noted as a capital of methamphetamine production.[34] The Riverside and San Bernardino county sheriffs' departments busted 635 meth labs in 2000; law enforcement has driven most of the meth production industry to Mexico since 2007, but many of the homes discovered to have been used as meth labs before 2006 have since been sold on the market before California law required rigorous decontamination, leading to a legacy of health hazards for unsuspecting renters and home-buyers in the area.[35]
[edit] Education
There is a trend of lower educational attainment in the IE, which starts early. Only 37% of 3- and 4-year olds in the region are enrolled in pre-school, with only one school in the region for every 343 children, as compared to 48% enrollment in San Diego County. 35% of the IE's ninth graders do not graduate from high school, and only 37% of its college age residents enroll in a post-secondary education program of some sort. Only 24% of the IE's adult residents have attained a college degree or better. 25% do not possess a high school diploma.[19] According to CSUSB President Al Karnig, "We have a very low college attendance rate that is scantly above half of what the average is in other states. We have only have about 20 percent college graduates in the Inland Empire while the average in other states is 38 percent."[36][37] 21 inland area high schools rank in the top 100 in California for producing dropouts.[38]
Of Inland residents 25 years and over in 2004, Asians were the best educated. 44.4% had bachelor’s or higher degrees, and nearly 70% had at least attended college. Among Whites, 22.8% had 4-year degrees or higher, and 60.8% at least attended college. In the African American community, the number with bachelor’s or higher degree was 21.3%, and 65.2% had either a community college degree or had attended college. Only 6.9% of Hispanic adults had a 4-year or higher degree, and only 30.2% attended college at all.[39]
Among students transferring from Inland community colleges to private schools in 2004-05, the most frequent choice was the University of Phoenix.[40]
[edit] Employment
While the Inland Empire led the state in job-growth with 275,000 new jobs between 1990 and 2000, most are in comparatively low-tech fields. San Bernardino and Riverside counties are primarily host to service and manufacturing- or warehousing-oriented industries. Food and administrative services employ the most people in the Inland Empire, while for the state of California, the top industries are in administrative services and professional, scientific and hi-tech-oriented fields. 79.8% of the IE's job growth from 1990-2003 was in service-sector jobs.[41] Low-wage industries are abundant in the IE, and the high-tech and professional industries that are in the area actually pay more in other regions of California. As many as one-third of working adults commute out of the 27,000-square-mile (70,000 km2) region to find work, the highest proportion of any area in the country. Adding to gridlock, less than 5% of the IE's 1,249,224 working-age residents use public transportation to get to work each day. 14.5% carpool, while 79.7% typically drive alone to work in their cars.[19] In 2007, the region had an unemployment rate of 6.1%, while overall jobless claims in California were at 5.4 percent and 4.4 percent nationally.[42] In 2008, unemployment in the area increased to 9.5%, "3 percentage points higher than the national rate and 1.3 points higher than the state's rate of 8.2%."[43]
[edit] Culture
While not widely known as a cultural mecca, various locations in the Inland Empire provide venues for cultural performances and entertainment. The Victoria Gardens Cultural Center, which is owned and operated by the City of Rancho Cucamonga, opened in the Fall of 2006 providing theatre, concerts and family entertainment to the region. The San Manuel Amphitheater in Devore is the nation's largest outdoor amphitheater. Ontario Mills draws more visitors annually than Disneyland, and San Bernardino's "Route 66 Rendezvous," an annual street fair and classic car show, draws a half-million people from around the world.[44]
[edit] Music
Established bands from the IE include Alien Ant Farm, The Bellrays, and the Voodoo Glow Skulls, from Riverside, and Cracker from Redlands. House music pioneer DJ Lynnwood got his start at the age of ten spinning records at KUOR in Redlands. Local hip-hop artists such as Saint Dog, Suga Free, Miah Lanski, 40 Glocc, Sly Boogy, Dirty Birdy, Lighter Shade of Brown, Lil Blacky, SkiLL from San Bernardino in the Christian Rap genre, and artists represented by Homeless Records, have brought about much attention to the growing rap community in and around the area, some rock journalists dubbing it a new genre, "Cali 909." A number of artists associated with the Palm Desert Scene have also forged a new genre, "Desert rock." A Danish record label, Musikministeriet, recently opened up an office in Redlands in hopes of further cultivating the IE music scene.[45]
Frank Zappa owned a restaurant in Upland on Foothill Boulevard during the early 1960s where he played shows on a makeshift stage for college crowds. Zappa also purchased a small recording studio on Archibald Avenue in Rancho Cucamonga where the Surfaris had recorded the surf music classic "Wipe Out." He dubbed it Studio Z and began making recordings which eventually led to the founding of Zappa's group, the Mothers of Invention. Singer Ray Collins of the original Mothers of Invention still lives in the area. He specifically mentions Inland Empire in the song "Billy the Mountain."
Reggae is also alive and well in the Inland Empire. Many International Reggae legends have found their home here. Garth Dennis is a prominent resident and the torch has been passed to the local talent making it big. Inhale, CommonGround and Kindread as well as Full Watts big up the club scene with live reggae nightly in the many lovely venues throughout the I.E.
There is also a tribute band presence with One Drop Redemption holding down the authentic sounds of Bob Marley and the Wailers to many venues within the I.E. And DaSpirit Records, located in the Upland area, is busy collaborating with international stars such as Ras Micheal(JA), Keys of Creation(HI) and local artists with a national presence, such as Jahtiva, as well.
From the late 80s until the late 90s, many up-and-coming musical acts, such as Rage Against the Machine, Blink-182 and No Doubt cut their teeth playing venues in Riverside.[46] However, these historic venues (Spanky's Cafe, the Barn at UCR, and the De Anza Theatre) have since been closed and converted to other purposes. Emerging music venues in the IE include the Showcase Theatre in Corona, Red Planet Records in Riverside, the Vault in Redlands, the Buffalo Inn in Upland, the Twins Club in Rancho Cucamonga, the Press Restaurant in Claremont, and the Glass House in Pomona.[47]. The List of bands from Inland Empire has artists and musicians that are from the Inland Empire.
During the recent trend of Heavy metal and other similar music genre's in the Southern California area, the Inland Empire has been a hub of the up-and-coming hardcorecore scene. Pulsing beats and rhythmic sequences make this Inland Empire music distinctive from its genre counterparts in the rest of the music industry. The growing scene has attracted many youth in in California, and most of the venues that promote this music are located in the Inland Empire. See The Glass House and The Showcase.
[edit] Performing arts
Orchestras in the IE include the Redlands Symphony, which performs at the University of Redlands, the Riverside County Philharmonic, which performs at the Riverside Municipal Auditorium, the San Bernardino Symphony, which performs at the California Theatre, and the Victor Valley Symphony, which performs at Victor Valley College. Theatrical Arts International is housed at the California Theatre as well. With the largest subscriber base in the Inland Empire, Theatrical Arts International presents the largest caliber tours available including such blockbusters as Cats, Hairspray, Mamma Mia, and Miss Saigon.
[edit] Sports
The Auto Club Speedway of Southern California (formerly California Speedway), located in Fontana, opened in 1997. It contains an oval, a road course and a dragstrip for auto racing. The Speedway is located approximately two miles from the former Ontario Motor Speedway site.
| Club | League | Venue | Established | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino | CaL, Baseball | Arrowhead Credit Union Park | 1941 | 5 |
| Lake Elsinore Storm | CaL, Baseball | Lake Elsinore Diamond | 1994 | 2 |
| Rancho Cucamonga Quakes | CaL, Baseball | The Epicenter | 1993 | 1 |
| Ontario Reign | ECHL, Ice hockey | Citizens Business Bank Arena | 2008 | 0 |
| Riverside Rage | ABA, Basketball | Riverside Community College | 2009 | 0 |
[edit] Media
[edit] Newspapers
The Inland Empire is served by three major local newspapers. The San Bernardino County Sun, which serves primarily the San Bernardino Valley region, and the Inland Valley Daily Bulletin, both owned by MediaNews Group. The Riverside-based Press-Enterprise also has a few editions over the area. For the High Desert, The Daily Press is the local newspaper. Palm Springs and the greater Coachella Valley are served by The Desert Sun. There is also an Inland Empire edition of the Los Angeles Times. The Westside Story Newspaper is a local San Bernardino paper published by Mr. Wallace Allen. It provides literature for and about the African-American community.
[edit] Radio
The Inland Empire is ranked 26th (June 2008) in the national radio market.[48] San Bernardino classic hits station KOLA 99.9 has the biggest reach of all Inland Empire stations, the size of its signal carrying it as far south as San Diego, as far north as Kern County, to the northwest to Ventura County, and east to Indio and Salton Sea. KOLA is also one of the oldest and longest-running radio stations in Southern California. KFRG, more commonly referred to as K-Frog, is the region's country music leader and one of the most consistent performers in the local radio ratings. KCAL-FM is known as 96-7 KCAL Rocks and is the longest continually-programmed radio station in the area, playing rock music. X103.9 KCXX represents the alternative rock radio format in the area, and is owned and operated by former Green Bay Packer and NFL Hall of Famer Willie Davis. KVCR (FM) 91.9 is the Inland Empire's public radio station, broadcasting NPR, BBC World Service and other public radio programming. Many stations in the area do not transmit far, in part owing to the physical geography of the area, possibly in part because of the strength of the radio transmitters. UC Riverside's KUCR is the IE's most popular college radio station.
[edit] Television
While the Inland Empire has television channels licensed to their cities, only two channels, PBS member station KVCR-TV & Inland Hotspot TV[KIHS-TV], broadcast directly to the Inland Empire. The other channels broadcast to the greater Southern California market. FCC regulations prevent the Inland Empire from having a major network broadcast channel.[clarification needed][citation needed] Thus, the Inland Empire's source for most of its television comes from Los Angeles. The southern section of the Inland Empire may have San Diego television as their main source. In some areas just east of Yucaipa, primary television coverage is from the Palm Springs market.
[edit] Film
While there are no large film production companies or studios based in the Inland Empire, on-location shoots accounted for a total economic impact of $65.2 million in the two-county region in 2006.[49] From 1994 to 2005, filming accounted for over a billion dollars ($1,228,977,456) in total revenues spent in the area. Some famous films shot in the Inland Empire include Executive Decision, U-Turn, Erin Brockovich, and The Fast and the Furious.[50]
While the David Lynch film Inland Empire is named after the region, no scenes were actually shot in the Inland Empire.[citation needed]
[edit] Incorporated cities
| Riverside County Cities |
Year Incorporated |
Population, 2007[11] |
Median Income, 2006[11] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Banning | 1913 | 28,272 | $41,268 |
| Beaumont | 1912 | 28,250 | $39,553 |
| Blythe | 1916 | 22,178 | $45,302 |
| Calimesa | 1990 | 7,415 | $47,406 |
| Canyon Lake | 1990 | 10,939 | $70,106 |
| Cathedral City | 1981 | 51,081 | $50,654 |
| Corona | 1896 | 144,661 | $72,162 |
| Coachella | 1946 | 35,207 | $33,402 |
| Desert Hot Springs | 1963 | 22,011 | $33,263 |
| Hemet | 1910 | 69,544 | $31,749 |
| Indian Wells | 1967 | 4,865 | $120,074 |
| Indio | 1930 | 71,654 | $45,143 |
| Lake Elsinore | 1888 | 40,985 | $54,595 |
| La Quinta | 1982 | 38,340 | $71,127 |
| Menifee | 2008 | 74,242 | N/A |
| Moreno Valley | 1984 | 174,565 | $52,426 |
| Murrieta | 1991 | 92,933 | $75,102 |
| Norco | 1964 | 27,262 | $62,652 |
| Palm Desert | 1973 | 49,539 | $61,789 |
| Palm Springs | 1938 | 46,437 | $46,399 |
| Perris | 1911 | 47,139 | $35,338 |
| Rancho Mirage | 1973 | 16,672 | $78,434 |
| Riverside | 1883 | 287,820 | $52,023 |
| San Jacinto | 1888 | 31,066 | $39,235 |
| Temecula | 1989 | 93,923 | $71,754 |
| Wildomar | 2008 | N/A | N/A |
| San Bernardino County Cities |
Year Incorporated |
Population, 2007[11] |
Median Income, 2006[11] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adelanto | 1970 | 27,139 | $41,444 |
| Apple Valley | 1988 | 70,297 | $46,751 |
| Barstow | 1947 | 23,943 | $44,737 |
| Big Bear Lake | 1981 | 6,207 | $43,983 |
| Chino | 1910 | 81,224 | $70,994 |
| Chino Hills | 1991 | 78,668 | $100,394 |
| Colton | 1887 | 51,797 | $45,911 |
| Fontana | 1952 | 181,640 | $60,722 |
| Grand Terrace | 1978 | 12,380 | $69,806 |
| Hesperia | 1988 | 85,876 | $43,018 |
| Highland | 1987 | 52,186 | $53,917 |
| Loma Linda | 1970 | 22,451 | $49,211 |
| Montclair | 1956 | 36,622 | $52,768 |
| Needles | 1913 | 5,759 | $35,338 |
| Ontario | 1891 | 172,701 | $56,688 |
| Rancho Cucamonga | 1977 | 172,331 | $75,429 |
| Redlands | 1888 | 71,375 | $63,463 |
| Rialto | 1911 | 99,064 | $45,759 |
| San Bernardino | 1854 | 205,010 | $36,676 |
| Twentynine Palms | 1987 | 24,830 | $36,471 |
| Upland | 1906 | 75,169 | $64,894 |
| Victorville | 1962 | 102,538 | $50,531 |
| Yucaipa | 1989 | 51,784 | $50,529 |
| Yucca Valley | 1991 | 21,044 | $38,092 |
[edit] Unincorporated communities
[edit] References
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[edit] External links
- InlandEmpire.US - Inland Empire California News & Information
- California Welcome Center, San Bernardino
- Inland Empire Magazine
- Southern California's Inland Empire Economic Partnership
- The Orange Empire of Southern California
- Inland Library System
- Inland Empire Automotive Magazine
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