Military of Slovenia

Slovenian Army; Slovenska vojska
	;
Founded	1991
Leadership
Commander-in-Chief	Dr. Danilo Türk
Minister of Defense	Ljubica Jelušič
Chief of staff	Alojz Šteiner
Manpower
Military age	18
Available for; military service	496,929, age 17 (voluntary) (2005 est.)
Fit for; military service	405,593, age 17 (voluntary) (2005 est.)
Active personnel	9,000
Reserve personnel	7,350
Expenditures
Budget	€ 550million (FY 2007)
Percent of GDP	1.8% (2007)

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The Military of Slovenia consists of the Slovenian Armed Forces (also Slovenian Army; officially Slovene Slovenska vojska; SAF/SV). The SAF are the armed forces of Slovenia. As of 2003 it is organized as a fully professional standing army. The Commander-in-Chief of the SAF is the President of the Republic of Slovenia (Danilo Türk), while operational command is in the domain of the Chief of the General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces (Alojz Šteiner).The Slovenian Armed Forces are organized as single-branch armed forces with the army as their primary component, but we can divide it in two sub-branches:

[edit] History

The military history of Slovenia spans less than a hundred years. Following the disintegration of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I, the Duchy of Styria was divided between the newly established states of German Austria and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Rudolf Maister, a Slovene major of the former Austro-Hungarian Army, occupied the town of Maribor in November 1918 and claimed it to the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. After a short fight with German Austrian provisional units, the current border was established, which mostly followed the ethnic-linguistic division between Slovenes and ethnic Germans.

The current Slovenian Armed Forces are descended from the Territorial Defense of the Republic of Slovenia (Teritorialna Obramba Republike Slovenije; TORS), which was formed in 1968 as a paramilitary complement to the regular army of the former Yugoslav within the territory of Slovenia. The main objectives of TORS were to support the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) and conduct guerrilla operations in the event of an invasion.

When Slovenia declared independence at the onset of the Yugoslav Wars in 1991, the TORS and the Slovenian police comprised the majority of forces engaging the Yugoslav People's Army during the Ten-Day War. The Slovenian Armed Forces were formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the TORS.

[edit] Current status

A major reorganization of the Slovenian Armed Forces is currently underway, with the goal of changing it from a territorial defense force into a deployable force primarily aimed at peacekeeping. After 1993, the Slovenian Armed Forces had relied on mandatory military service, with conscripts receiving 6-7 months of training. In 2003, the Slovenian Government abolished conscription and as of July 2004, the Slovenian Armed Forces had been almost completely reorganised into a professional army now based on volunteers. Currently there are approximately 7,000 active troops and approximately 5,500 in reserve, reduced from 55,000 personnel during conscription. The Slovenian Army now consists of three brigades, the 1st, 72nd and an Air Defense and Aviation Brigade. In addition to the aviation unit, the Slovenian Army also contains a naval unit, both of which are subordinate to it.

During a press conference on July 18, 2008^[2], the Slovenian defense minister confirmed plans for the acquisition of a Russian Svetlyak class (Project 10412) patrol boat. Displacing 355 (full 395) tons and measuring 49.5 x 9.2 x 2.6 m, the vessel will have a maximum speed of 30 knots and a complement of 24. Armaments include two 30mm AK-630m cannons, two side-mounted 14.5mm machine guns and 16 air-defense missiles. The ship will be built by ALMAZ Shipbuilding^[3] of Saint Petersburg; delivery is expected in 2010. Total cost of the purchase is said to be $39.4 million, two-thirds of which will be covered by existing Russian debt.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] NATO membership

Slovene KFOR unit

As part of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Slovenia was never a member of the Warsaw Pact. Today, the foreign policy priority of NATO membership drives Slovenia's defense reorganization. Once many countries lifted the arms embargo on Slovenia in 1996, the country embarked on a military procurement program to bolster its status as a NATO candidate and to aid its transformation into a mobile force. Active in the SFOR deployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia is also a charter member of Partnership for Peace and a regular participant in PfP exercises. The United States provides bilateral military assistance to Slovenia, including through the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program, the State Partnership Program (aligned with Colorado), and the EUCOM Joint Contact Team Program.

Slovenia formally joined NATO in March 2004.[1] The transition of her armed forces from a primarily conscript-based territorial defense organization to a professional force structure have the ultimate goal of creating NATO-interoperable combat units able to operate on an even par with units from other NATO armies. Implementation of interoperability objectives as determined by the Planning and Review Process (PARP) and the Individual Partnership Program (IPP) as part of Slovenia's PfP participation proceeds. Slovenia's elite units already train with and are integrated into international units including NATO members--for example as part of SFOR and on Cyprus. Its elite mountain troops will be assigned to the Multinational Land Force peacekeeping battalion with Italy, Hungary, and Croatia. Slovenia hosted its first PfP exercise in 1998--"Cooperative Adventure Exchange"--a multinational disaster-preparedness command post exercise involving almost 6,000 troops from 19 NATO and PfP member nations.

Slovenian soldiers are a part of international forces serving in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Afghanistan^[4], Iraq, Chad, Lebanon. They have also served in Cyprus and the Golan Heights as a part of UNFICYP and UNDOF respectively.

[edit] Organization

Slovenian Army Bell 412 Helicopter

The Slovenian Armed Forces are organized as single-branch armed forces with the army as their primary component. The personnel is divided into three categories:

professional soldiers (full-time soldiers)
contract reserve soldiers (serve up to 30 days per year)
voluntary recruits (basic training)

[edit] Commands and units

Structure of the Slovenian Armed Forces

General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces (Generalštab Slovenske vojske)

Verification Centre of the Slovenian Armed Forces (Verifikacijski center Slovenske vojske)
Forces Command of the Slovenian Armed Forces (Poveljstvo sil Slovenske vojske)

5th Reconnaissance & Intelligence Battalion
11th Signals Battalion
17th Military Police Battalion
430th Naval Detachment
Unit for Special Operations (ESD)
1st Brigade

10th Motorized Battalion
20th Motorized Battalion
74th Motorized Battalion
670th Command-Logistics Battalion

72nd Brigade

45th Armoured Battalion
132nd Mountain Battalion
460th Artillery Battalion
14th Engineer Battalion
18th NBC-Defence Battalion

Air Defence and Aviation Brigade

9th Air Defence Battalion
15th Helicopter Battalion
16th Air Control Battalion
107th Flight Base
Flight school

Support Command

157th Logistics Battalion
Medical Unit
Military Territorial Commands

23rd Military Territorial Command
24th Military Territorial Command
25th Military Territorial Command
32nd Military Territorial Command
37th Military Territorial Command
38th Military Territorial Command

[edit] Military airports (Slovenian army)

The Slovenian army currently maintains 1 military airport located in Cerklje ob Krki near the border with Croatia. The airport's official name is Letališče Cerklje ob Krki.

[edit] Weapons and equipment

[edit] Infantry

Slovene soldiers with FN F2000S assault rifle

Soltam TN90 155/45 mm howitzer

[edit] Tanks and IFVs

54× M-84 MBT (will be replaced and withdrawn from service)
30× M-55 S MBT (stored)
52× M-80A IFV (will soon be withdrawn from service)
85× Valuk 6x6 IFV
135× Patria AMV (Armored Modular Vehicle) 8x8 (in 4 versions, some with 120mm mortar, cost $367m)
10× Otokar Cobra LAV (light armoured vehicle) 4x4

[edit] Other vehicles

29× AM General HMMWV M1114

[edit] Naval force

1× IAI-Ramta Super Dvora Mk2 patrol boat
1× Project 10412 patrol boat Svetlyak (ordered)

[edit] Former equipment

Slovenian 9M111 Fagot anti-tank guided missile

10× 9M111 Fagot ATGM
9K11 Maljutka ATGM
Strela 2M MANPADS
6× Strela 1M
12× BOV 3
12x ZSU-57-2
28× BOV M
18× M2A1 105 mm towed howitzer
30× M48B1 76 mm towed gun
8× 2S1 Gvozdika 122 mm self-propelled howitzer
4× M-63 Plamen MLRS
???x M53/59 Praga

[edit] International cooperation

Slovenia is part of NATO and the European Union. The Slovenian Armed Forces have participate and presently participate in many aspects of both organizations.

Current Mission	Organization	Country	Nr. of personnel
ALTHEA	EUFOR	Bosnia and Herzegovina	35
Joint Enterprise	NATO	Bosnia and Herzegovina	2
Joint Enterprise	NATO	Kosovo	366
CENTCOM	NATO	U.S.	2
UNTSO	United Nations	Syria	2
ISAF	NATO	Afghanistan	71
	NATO	Iraq	2
EUFOR Tchad/RCA	EUFOR	Chad	15

Former Mission	Operation	Country	Organization	Nr. of personnel	Time
ALBA	Operation Sunrise	Albania	OSCE	21	May-July 1997
UNFICYP	/	Cyprus	United Nations	29	September 1997-June 2001
ALBA	Operation Allied Harbour	Albania	NATO	26	May-July 1999
UNMIK	/	Kosovo	United Nations	1	October 1999-December 2001
OHR	/	Bosnia and Herzegovina	United Nations	1	July 2001-January 2003
?	Operation Concordia	Republic of Macedonia	European Union	1	March 2003
MLF	Operation Joint Guardian	Kosovo	NATO	11	November 2003-May 2004
/	Nato support to Pakistan	Pakistan	NATO	2	November 2005-January 2006

International military exercises	Country	Organization	Time
Cooperative Nugget 1997	Fort Polk, U.S.	Partnership for Peace/NATO	1997
Cooperative Adventure Exchange '98	Slovenia	NATO	1998
Cooperative Key 2002			2002
Cunning Wassel 2002			2002
Clever Ferret 2003			2003
Elite 2003			2003

[edit] Military rank insignias

Generals/Generali

General	Generalpodpolkovnik	Generalmajor

Commissioned Officers/Častniki

Brigadir	Polkovnik	Podpolkovnik	Major	Stotnik	Nadporočnik	Poročnik

NCO's/Podčastniki

Višji štabni praporščak	Štabni praporščak	Višji praporščak	Praporščak	Višji štabni vodnik	Štabni vodnik	Višji vodnik	Vodnik

Soldiers/Vojaki

Naddesetnik	Desetnik	Poddesetnik	Vojak

[edit] Data

Military branches: Slovenian Army (includes Air and Naval Forces)

Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age

Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 525,031 (2000 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 417,726 (2000 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 14,958 (2000 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure: $335 million (FY99)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.6% (FY99)

[edit] Gallery

Slovenian MAN Army Truck	M-80A IFV	MT-55A	Slovenian Armoured Vehicles
Slovene Army Humvee on patrol in Kosovo	Slovenian Convoy in Kosovo KFOR Mission	Slovenian Navy patrol boat IAI-Ramta Super Dvora Mk II