Tonto
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| Tonto | |
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| Publication information | |
| First appearance | WXYZ radio; Detroit, Michigan, USA; February 25, 1933 |
| Created by | George W. Trendle |
| In-story information | |
| Partnerships | The Lone Ranger |
| Abilities | Expert marksman trained in hand-to-hand combat |
Tonto is a fictional character, the Native American companion of The Lone Ranger, a popular American Western character created by George W. Trendle and Fran Striker. Tonto has appeared in radio and television series and other presentations of the characters' adventures righting wrongs in 19th century western America.[1]
Tonto made his first appearance on the twelfth episode of the radio show (which aired on station WXYZ on February 25, 1933). Though he became as well-known as the Lone Ranger's friend, Tonto was originally created just so the Lone Ranger would have someone to talk to.[2] Throughout the radio run (which spanned 21 years), with only a few exceptions, Tonto was played by English actor John Todd.[3]
The character was portrayed on television (arguably the most well-remembered version today) by Jay Silverheels. This was by far the highest-rated television program on the ABC network in the early 1950s and its first true "hit".[4]
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[edit] Character
Two conflicting origin stories have been given for the character Tonto, and how he came to work with the Lone Ranger. Unlike Zorro's servant Bernardo, Tonto speaks but does not use sign language.
As originally presented, in the December 7, 1938, radio broadcast, Reid had already been well-established as the Lone Ranger when he met Tonto. In that episode, Cactus Pete, a friend of the Lone Ranger, tells the story of how the masked man and Tonto first met. According to that tale, Tonto had been caught in the explosion when two men dynamited a gold mine they were working. One of the men wanted to kill the wounded Tonto, but the Lone Ranger arrived on the scene and made him administer first aid. The miner subsequently decided to keep Tonto around, intending to make him the fall guy when he would later murder his partner. The Lone Ranger foiled both the attempted murder and the attempted framing of Tonto. No reason was given in the episode as to why Tonto chose to travel with the Lone Ranger, rather than continue about his business.
A different version was given in both later episodes of the radio drama and at the beginning of the Lone Ranger television series. Tonto rescues a man named Reid, the sole surviving Texas Ranger of a party who was tricked into an ambush by the outlaw Butch Cavendish (although later reference works referred to the future Lone Ranger as "John" Reid, no first name was ever given to the Lone Ranger in either the radio or TV series). Tonto recognizes the ranger as someone who had saved him when they were both boys. He refers to him by the title "ke-mo sah-bee", explaining that the phrase means "faithful scout" in the language of his tribe. Tonto helps Reid give a decent burial to the other rangers.[5]
This Native American was portrayed as an intelligent character, almost an equal partner to the Ranger in his work. Together, they seem to be capable of righting almost any wrong within the half-hour time frame.
The radio series identified Tonto as a chief's son in the Potawatomi nation. His name translates as wild one in his own language. For the most part, the Potawatomi did not live in the Southwestern states, and their cultural costume is different from that worn by Tonto. The choice to make Tonto a Potawatomi seems to come from station owner George Trendle's youth in Michigan. This is the traditional territory of the Potawatomi, and many local institutions use Potawatomi names. Tonto's name, according to an NPR news story on the Lone Ranger, was inspired by the name of Tonto Basin, Arizona.[2]
[edit] Reception
The portrayal of Tonto has been seen by some Native Americans and others as degrading, despite his heroism, notably by Native American author and poet Sherman Alexie.[6] Tonto spoke in a pidgin, saying things like, "That right, Kemo Sabe," or "Him say man ride over ridge on horse."
In 1975, poet and science fiction writer Paul O. Williams coined the term "tontoism" to refer to the practice of writing haiku with missing articles ("the", "a", or "an"), which he claimed made such haiku sound like Tonto's stunted English.
Further, in Portuguese, Italian and Spanish, the word tonto means "fool" or "dumb" (although this appears to have been a coincidence, as the character is depicted as intelligent), so the name was changed in the dubbed versions. In some Spanish speaking countries, he was named Toro ("bull").
Later adaptations of the character such as The Legend of the Lone Ranger and the Filmation animated series depict has being perfectly articulate in English and speaks it carefully.
Television actor Silverheels was not above making a little fun of the character himself, as in a classic Tonight Show sketch with Johnny Carson, with Carson playing a career counselor and Silverheels playing Tonto looking for a new job after working "thirty lousy years" as the Lone Ranger's faithful sidekick. When asked why he was looking for a new job, Tonto replies, "Him finally find out what Kemo Sabe means!"
[edit] Other media
Tonto has appeared in the various comic strips, comic books, and films based on The Lone Ranger. He even had his own comic book, published by Dell Comics during the 1950s, though in typical style of the day, it was titled The Lone Ranger's Companion Tonto. It ran for 31 issues. Later depictions beginning in the 1980s have taken efforts to show Tonto as an articulate and proud warrior whom the Ranger treats as an equal partner.
[edit] In popular culture
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This "In popular culture" section may contain minor or trivial references. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances, and remove trivia references. (June 2009) |
Tonto appears in the animated television series Inspector Gadget during the Minions Anonymous meeting.
The animated television series Metalocalypse character Nathan Explosion--who is one-fourth Native American--has several times in the series been called Tonto due to his speaking in short, simple sentences.
Bill Cosby had an early stand-up comedy routine which discusses Tonto and his position as the Lone Ranger's companion.[7]
Different covers of the song "Apache (The Shadows song)", also known as "Jump On It" (versions by Sugarhill Gang in 1981, Sir Mix-a-Lot in 1996, etc.) refer extensively to Tonto, including the refrain "Tonto, Jump on it, Jump on it, Jump on it. Kemosabe, jump on it [etc.]"
Singer-Songwriter Lyle Lovett dedicated a verse to Tonto in his award-winning song "If I Had a Boat":
"The mystery masked man was smart He got himself a Tonto 'Cause Tonto did the dirty work for free. But Tonto he was smarter And one day said Kemo-Sabe Kiss my ass I bought a boat I'm going out to sea."
In the VeggieTales 2007 episode "Moe and the Big Exit", Aaron (Archibald Asparagus) dresses like Tonto.
[edit] References
- ^ "Clayton Moore, TV's 'Lone Ranger,' Dies". LA Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1999/dec/29/news/mn-48531?pg=3. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
- ^ a b The Lone Ranger: Justice from Outside the Law, All Things Considered, National Public Radio, 14 January 2008.
- ^ Lone Ranger Fan Club - Tonto
- ^ "Clayton Moore, the 'Lone Ranger,' dead at 85". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/1999/SHOWBIZ/TV/12/28/obit.moore/index.html. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
- ^ http://www.old-time.com/misc/kemo.html
- ^ http://www.fallsapart.com/tonto.html
- ^ I Started Out As A Child, recording of Bill Cosby, 1964.
- Dunning, John (1998). On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio. pp. 404–409. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507678-8
- Osgood, Dick (1981). Wyxie Wonderland: An Unauthorized Fifty-Year Diary of WXYZ, Detroit. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green University.
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