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Creating a Tornado
Materials
- 2 2-liter plastic soda Bottles (empty and clean)
- Tap water
- 1-inch metal washer
- duct tape
The Process
- Fill one of the bottles two-thirds full of water
- Place the metal washer over the opening of the bottle.
- Turn the second bottle upside down and place it on the washer.
- Use the duct tape to fasten the two containers and the metal washer together. Use several layers of tape to make sure that there will be no water leaks when you turn to bottle over.
Starting the tornado
Turn the tornado maker so that the bottle with the water is on top. Swirl the Tornado in a circle pattern. The tornado will form in the top bottle as the water rushes into the bottom bottle.
Materials
- 1 glass double boiler
- 1 tray of ice cubes
The Process
In the bottom of glass double boiler add water. In the top section add ice cubes and water to cover ice cubes.
Creating Rain
Place double boiler on the stove. Heat water in bottom to a boil. As the steam rises it will collect on the bottom of the top boiler. As the steam cools it will form water droplets. When the droplets become large enough, they will fall into the bottom pan of the double boiler. Instant Rain!
The Understanding
The boiling water represents the water on the surface of the earth. As the sun heats the water, it turns to steam and rises into the atmosphere. The steam cools as it rises and forms clouds. When enough water collects in the clouds, the droplets become big enough to fall back to earth as rain.
Materials
The Process
- Fill the lunch bag by blowing into it
- Twist the open end and closed with your hand
Starting Thunder
Quickly and with force hit the bag with your free hand
The Understanding
Hitting the bag causes the air inside the bag to compress so quickly that the pressure breaks the bag. The air rushes out and pushes the air outside away from the bag. The air continues to move forward in a wave. When the the moving air reaches your ear, you hear a sound. Thunder is produced in a similar way. As lightning strikes, energy is given off that heats the air through which it passes. This heated air quickly expands, producing energetic waves of air resulting in a sound called thunder.
Materials
- 2 9inch balloons
- ruler
- sewing thread
- cellophane tape
- pencil
The Process
- Blow up each balloon to the size of an apple and tie in a knot
- Attach a 12 inch thread to the top of each balloon.
- Tape the ends of each thread to the pencil so that the balloons hang about 3 inches apart.
Creating the Low Pressure
Hold the pencil level with the balloons about 3 inches from your face Exhale between the balloons. The balloons will move together. You have created a low pressure area between the balloons.
The Understanding
The fast-moving air between the balloons reduces the air pressure on the insides of the balloons, and the air pressure on the outside pushes the balloons together. The rapidly rising air in a tornado creates a very low pressure area. The tornado acts like a huge vacuum cleaner, sucking in air, dirt, trees, and other materials. These materials are lifted upward and then dropped, generally at some distance from their origin.
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