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Magadan region is situated at the extreme North-east of Russia and is washed by the Pacific Ocean and Sea of Okhotsk. The territory of Magadan region occupies the area of 462 thousands square kilometers, the population is 240 thousands people, administrative center is Magadan city with population of 120 thousands people.
Establishment and functioning of Exclusive economic zone is secured by Federal law dated 31.05.99 #104-FZ “About Exclusive economic zone in Magadan region”, law of Magadan region dated 29.06.99 #75-OZ “About Exclusive economic zone in Magadan region” and by law of Magadan region dated 05.07.99 #80-OZ “About changing of administrative-territorial structure of Magadan region”.
The peculiarity of status of this zone lies in privileges in force on its territory on tax and customs payments for Exclusive economic zone member. In order to use such privileges it is necessary to have a registration certificate, issued by Administration of Exclusive economic zone.
Receipt of this document is possible in accordance with Article 3 of Federal law at observance of several conditions:
1. Juridical person or private businessman should be registered at the territory of Exclusive economic zone;
2. Main economic activity should be accomplished directly on the territory of Magadan region;
3. There are should be 75 % of main managing subjects located on the territory of Magadan region, which claim for privileges.
In accordance with Article 5 of Federal law, members of Exclusive economic zone are freed from paying 50 % of taxes in part incoming to Federal budget. This privilege will be in force until December 31, 2005 (except for deductions into Pensionary Fund and Social Security Fund of Russian Federation).
During the period from 2006 to 2014 members of Exclusive economic zone in Magadan region will be freed from paying profit taxes, only in connection to profits invested into the manufacture development and social field on the territory of Magadan region.
In order for use of tax privileges to be legal, members of Exclusive economic zone should keep separate books of operations, conducted within Exclusive economic zone and Magadan region.
Not less considerable are the customs privileges. In accordance with Article 6 of Federal law there is regime of free customs zone set on the territory of Magadan region. In particular, it means that foreign goods are placed and used within Exclusive economic zone without levying of customs duties and taxes.
Payment of registration dues when registering foreign-trade operations is made at the rate of 25 % from the amount of customs exemptions at carrying out customs registration of importing (exporting) goods.
Foreign goods imported from the city’s territory to other districts of Magadan region are freed from import customs duties and other payments, except for customs dues. However, this privilege is applied not for all foreign goods, but only for goods, which had been purchased by Exclusive economic zone members for auxiliary (not for resale).
If these goods are exported to the territory of other subjects of Russian Federation, then customs dues are levied in accordance with common rule in full extent. Still in this situation there is a possibility of getting freed from import customs duties and other taxes levied at customs registration. Namely it is possible on condition if foreign goods would pass the processing on the territory of Magadan region in accordance with “criterion of sufficient processing”, after which it is considered as Russian goods.
Law sets criterions in accordance with which goods are considered processed if there are changes in its goods positions, increase of its price no less than 30 %, and in respect of electronic and other complicated equipment the increase should be no less than 15 % from the price of delivered goods, and also in case of accomplishing production or technical operations sufficient for the goods to be considered originated in Exclusive economic zone. In it is necessary to point out that customs privileges, as tax privileges, are in force only until December 31, 2014 – the last day of in force of law “About Exclusive economic zone in Magadan region”.
Goods produced by Exclusive economic zone members in Exclusive economic zone when exporting, when exporting from its territory to the rest part of customs territory of Russian Federation or outside of Russian Federation territory are freed from customs duties and other payments (except for customs dues) levied at customs registration of goods.
Administration of Exclusive economic zone in Magadan region.
Administration of Exclusive economic zone consists of following departments:
1. Analytical department.
It accomplishes the control over the fulfillment of Development Program of Exclusive economic zone, component part of program for social-economic development of Magadan region. It also accomplishes control over accrual of registration dues. It accomplishes cooperation with Magadan customs, State Tax Inspection in Magadan region, Federal Treasury Department of Ministry of Finances of Russian Federation in Magadan region. It also accomplishes the control over presentation of accounts to members of Exclusive economic zone.
2. Registration department.
It accomplishes the acceptance of applications; check of accordance of applied documents; issuance of registration certificates to members of Exclusive economic zone.
3. Licence department.
It accomplishes the licensing of separate kinds of activities:
- Maintenance and exploitation of petroleum storage depots and car refuellers;
- Transportation of passengers by automobile transport;
- Sale of transportation means;
- Medical activity;
- Pharmaceutical activity;
- Veterinary activity;
- International information exchange;
- Exploitation of engineering infrastructures of cities and other settlements;
- Organization and maintenance of totalizators and gambling institutions;
- Organization and conduction of local lotteries;
- Activity of pawn-shops;
- Assistance to employment of citizens by non-state organizations;
- Ritual services;
- Organization of sports and amateurish fishing.
4. Law department.
It accomplishes preparation of legislative and other standard acts regulating the activity of Exclusive Economic Zone.
General directions of development of Magadan region in conditions
of Exclusive economic zone in Magadan region
Magadan region has a great potential for emergence from the economic crisis, which covered all the country, and for its future development. The main task is the development of complexes of different industries determining the future of the region:
- Gold-mining industry;
- Fish processing industry;
- Heat-and-power engineering complex;
- Rural economy;
- Animal-raising;
- Deer-raising;
- Transport-road complex;
- Repair-machine-building complex;
- Construction;
- Communications;
- Telecommunications;
- Informational systems;
- Tourism.
There are huge reserves of gold and silver on the territory of Magadan region. Total forecast reserves of gold in Magadan region are estimated at more than 4,000 tons, total forecast on silver is more than 80 thousand tons.
Along with reserves of precious metals, territory of the region has reserves of copper, coal, and carbonic raw material.
There are highly evaluated perspectives for oil and gas of shelf parts, adjacent to the region’s territory, which form no less than 1,000 millions tons of mineable reserves and 1,5 billion cubic meters of gas.
Presence of considerable reserves of gold and silver, real perspectives of copper, oil and gas deposits make the region attractive for investors, including foreign businessmen, it also lets to expand the nomenclature of extractive mineral wealth (copper, molybdenum, platinoids, radioactive and rare earth elements, rock products).
There is a necessity of serious attention to another basic industry of the region – fishing industry complex. Waters of Northern part of Okhotsk sea, adjacent to the territory of Magadan region has a square of approximate 600 thousands square kilometers and is related to most highly productive region of World ocean.
The largest specific weight is taken by catches of: mintay, herring, cod, navaga, flounder, salmons. The objects of fishing out of non-fish category are crabs, squid, shrimp and trubach.
The solution of problems of fishing industry complex is seen in recovery of fish-catching fleet (especially small vessel for coastal fishing), in construction of coast bases and application of new technologies on profound and complex fish and sea products processing.
Depressive condition of basic fields of industry is accompanied by production recession in other fields of industry. In connection with this there has arisen a necessity in profound reconstruction of heat-and-power engineering complex, development and application of new alternative technologies, conduction of radical reforming of housing and communal services of the region as one of the main consumers of thermal energy.
Machine-building complex, field of transportation services and communications also requires reanimation at new quality level. Namely, the region needs its own mining equipment factory corresponding on technical equipment and products quality to enterprises of leading countries.
Also, there is an actual matter of reconstruction of class-A airport “Magadan”, landing strip, equipping the airlines with modern aircrafts and navigational airdrome equipment, including the acute problem of revival of minor aviation.
There is a necessity of fundamental renewal of motor transport and its infrastructure.
Such industry fields represent the structure of Magadan region as cattle breeding, plant breeding, poultry farming, animal raising and other. Local agro-industrial complex has exclusive important significance for providing citizens of Magadan region with production of agricultural manufacture. There are enterprises on the territory of Exclusive economic zone, which carry on production of foodstuff (milk processing factory, distillery, macaroni factory, sausage factory, poultry farm, state farm and other). Investments are required for revival of agriculture.
Stabilization and raise of economy fields are closely concerned with recovery of construction complex, without which there would be no qualitative changes in neither economic, nor social field.
Investment resources are required for stabilization of social-economic situation in Magadan region. It is the internal financial capabilities of the region and external sources.
Magadan region already has an experience in attracting external investors. It is the construction of “Ust-Srednekanskaya hydroelectric power station”, mastering the deposits of “Kumak”, “Dukat” and other, establishment of joint ventures on catching and processing of sea resources, for example “Mag-C” and etc.
Author: Rusetsky A.E.
November 2000.
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