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- NAB
- The Nucleic Acid Builder is a high-level language
for manipulating macromolecules and their fragments. NAB uses a
C-like syntax for variables, expressions, and control structures and
has extensions for operating on molecules (e.g. new types and a large
number of built-in functions for providing the necessary operations).
It can be used for model building and coordinate manipulation of
proteins and nucleic acids ranging in size from fairly small systems
to the largest systems for which an atomic level of description
makes computational sense. It provides an environment that eases
many of the bookkeeping tasks involved in writing programs that
manipulate 3-D structural models.
The developers want it to serve to formalize the step by step process
used to build complex model structures, and it can be used as a general
purpose language for writing programs that deal with 3-D biomolecular
structures.
The features of NAB include:
- named objects such as points, atoms, residues, strands, and molecules
which can be referenced and manipulated;
- a high-level set of routines for specifying rigid body transformations
of molecules or parts thereof;
- an interface to distance geometry methods which allows relationships that
can be defined in terms of internal distance constraints to be realized
in 3-D models;
- a form of regular expressions called ``atom regular expressions'' which
provide a uniform and convenient method for working on parts of molecules;
- the incorporation of many of the general features of awk
including regular expression pattern matching; and
- built-in procedures for linking NAB routines to external routines written
in C or Fortran.
A source code distribution of NAB is available. It is written in
C and can be compiled on generic UNIX platforms. It
is documented in an extensive manual available in
PostScript format.
[ftp://ftp.scripps.edu/pub/macke/]
[ftp://ftp.osc.edu/pub/chemistry/software/SOURCES/C/NAB/]
- Nachos
- Instructional software for teaching a course of operating systems.
The distribution includes simple baseline code for a working
operating system, a simulator for a generic personal computer or workstation,
sample assignments, and a C++ primer.
Nachos is itself written in an easy to learn subset of C++.
The assignments cover all areas of modern operating systems including
threads and concurrency, multiprogramming, system calls, virtual
memory, software-loaded TLBs, file systems, network protocols,
remote procedure calls (RPC) and distributed systems.
A source code distribution of Nachos is available. It is
written in C++ and has been successfully desired on several
platforms including Linux Intel.
Documentation includes an overview paper and quite a bit
scattered amongst several web pages accessible via the home site.
[http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~tea/nachos/]
- NAGS Spam Filter
- The Netizens Against Gratuitous Spamming
Spam Filter is a Perl script which can be
used by those with a shell account on a UNIX system which has
Perl installed.
It uses a .forward file to first pass all incoming mail
through the filter and then decide whether the mail should be
passed along to the mailbox, rejected to the sender and/or
postmaster of the originating site, or ignored. It should
work with traditional UNIX mail software as well as with
POP mail clients.
[http://www.nags.org/index.html]
- nam
- A Tcl/Tk-based animation tool for viewing network
simulation traces and real world packet traces.
Nam supports topology layout, packet level animation, and various
data inspection tools.
A source code distribution is available.
[http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/nam/nam.html]
- Namazu
- A full text retrieval search system intended for easy use.
It can work as both a CGI script for web applications
and for personal use in directories.
The search engine consists of an indexer and a search client.
It supports AND, OR and NOT searches, with search results printed in order of
score with an abstract (and the score calculated by term frequency or by weight
of HTML elements).
A source code distribution is available under the
GPL version 2.
[http://openlab.ring.gr.jp/namazu/]
- NAMD
- The Numerical Analysis of Molecular
Dynamics package is a parallel, object-oriented
molecular dynamics
program designed for the high performance simulations
of large biomolecular systems. It is part of the MDScope
system which links NAMD to VMD to allow
researchers to both simulate and interactively view the results
of their simulations.
The features of NAMD include:
- efficient full electrostatics using the Distributed Parallel
Multiple Tree Algorithm (DPMTA) (which is, additionally, integrated
using a multiple timestep integration scheme which computes full
interactions only periodically);
- scalable parallelism using a spatial decomposition scheme coupled
with a multithreaded, message-driven execution to achieve load
balance and overlap of communication with computation;
- an object-oriented, extensible source code design written in
C++ and fully documented in a programmer's guide;
- portability to different parallel machines and message-passing
systems using the PVM software;
- compatibility with the XPLOR ($) package; and
- the implementation
of standard molecular dynamics features such as energy minimization,
velocity rescaling, spherical harmonic boundary conditions, harmonic
atom restraints, and Langevin dynamics.
The NAMD package is available as source code written in C++.
It can be compiled using g++ and its use requires the PVM
package.
Documentation is available in the form of user's and
programmer's guides in PostScript format.
See Nelson et al. (1996).
[http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/namd/]
- Nana
- A library that provides improved support for assertion checking and
logging in C and C++. The functionality can also be implemented
using a debugger rather than as inline code with a large saving
in code space.
The interface to Nana includes:
- I.h, for C-based invariant checking, i.e. a replacement
for assert.h;
- DI.h, for debugger-based invariant checking;
- L.h, for providing logging functions;
- L_buffer, for logging messages to a circular buffer in core;
- L_times.h, for recording events and times with a lower time
and space overhead than with L_buffer.h;
- DL.h, for supporting printf-style logging;
- GDB.h, for sending plain gdb commands
to the debugger;
- Q.h, provides support for the quantifiers of predicate logic;
- Qstl.h, provides quantifiers for STL
containers;
- now.h, some simple time measurement routines;
- cycles.h, for access to CPU cycle counting registers;
- eiffel.h, for Eiffel-type assertions;
- assert.h, a drop-in replacement for the original
assert.h; and
- calls.h, implements a simple list of functions which can be
modified and executed at runtime.
A source code distribution is available.
[http://wattle.cs.ntu.edu.au/homepages/pjm/nana-home/]
- NAO
- Numerical Analysis Objects is a project to investigate
ways to ease the use and creation of software for numerical simulations,
specifically those that require the solution of differential equations.
NAO consists of four parts containing various objects and subroutines.
The first part is a set of definitions of the interface to categories
of abstract base classes. These classes define:
- geometric regions including regions of space, mapped and stretched
regions, and general manifolds;
- sets of functions with the same domain and range;
- functions that create maps from one geometric region to another
including discrete functions that are represented by a finite number
of values;
- sets of operators with the same domain and range;
- mappings from one function space to another including finite dimensional
operators;
- algorithms, e.g. ODE integrators, iterative solvers, etc.; and
- problems, i.e. an object representing a problem to be solved.
The second part of NAO is a set of implementations of the base classes.
These are objects implementing the base class interfaces to represent
some particular type of class of object and include:
- interfaces to several Netlib packages;
- a function class that interprets a string;
- an operator class that creates finite difference stencils on
staggered grids; and
- a routine that creates nonlinear finite difference operators by
parsing an expression.
The third part is a set of utilities that provide common operations on
objects including:
- routines for performing various conversions, e.g. a function to a
manifold;
- routines for printing information about objects;
- routines for performing simple graphics output operations like
drawing lines and polygons; and
- routines for verifying that objects are correctly implemented for
debugging purposes.
The fourth part of NAO consists of a set of interfaces that allow it to
be used from different languages and environments including:
- a raw C++ interface which, being the lowest
level interface, is called by the other interfaces;
- a smart pointer C++ interface created for the use of overloaded
operators and other features intentially left out of the raw interface;
- a C interface that represents the class library
as a C subroutine library;
- a Fortran interface that represents the
library as a Fortran subroutine library; and
- planned (1/99) interfaces to DataExplorer and
Tcl/Tk.
Various system level features are also offered by NAO including:
- run-time type checking for safe down-casting;
- memory management via reference counting;
- tracking of created objects;
- persistence via disk files; and
- a double dispatching mechanism for binary operations.
A source code distribution of this C++ library is available upon
filling out on online request form.
This can be compiled with G++.
Extensive documentation in HTML format is also available.
The distribution contains a huge number of examples.
[http://www.research.ibm.com/nao/]
- NAPACK
- A collection of Fortran subroutines for
performing tasks in numerical linear algebra and
optimization.
The functionality includes:
- solving linear systems;
- estimating the condition number or the norm of a matrix;
- computing determinants;
- multiplying a matrix by a vector;
- inverting a matrix;
- solving least squares problems;
- performing unconstrained optimization;
- computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors;
- performing singular value or QR decomposition;
- special routines for general, band, symmetric, indefinite, tridiagonal,
upper Hessenberg and circulant matrices.
A source code distribution of NAPACK is available.
[http://www.netlib.org/napack/index.html]
- NAS
- The Network Audio System was developed for
playing, recording, and manipulating audio data over a network.
It uses the client/server model to separate applications from the
specific drivers that control audio input devices.
The distribution contains sample server implementations for
several platforms (including VOXware/OSS for Linux), an
application programming interface library, and a variety
of sample applications.
The features of NAS include:
- device-independent audio over the network via TCP;
- handling several audio file and data formats;
- storing sounds in a server for rapid replay;
- extensive capabilities for mixing, separating, and manipulation of
audio data; and
- simultaneous use of audio devices by multiple applications.
The NAS package contains several useful utility applications including:
- auconvert, which converts from one sound or data format to another;
- auctl, which is used to control audio server parameters when
connecting new devices or setting user preferences;
- audemo, a NAS record and play demo which allows a user
to play pre-recorded files, record new ones, and manipulate NAS buckets;
- audial, which generates touch tones suitable for dialing
a North American telephone;
- auedit, which provides a GUI for performing various editing
tasks on a file including cutting, copying, pasting, and mixing;
- auinfo, which shows information about an NAS server;
- aupanel, which provides a GUI interface for adjusting
the attributes of the devices provided by the NAS service;
- auphone, which allows two-way real time voice communication
between two servers via telephone;
- auplay, which plays a sound file to a NAS server;
- aurecord, which can record a sound file from a NAS server;
- auscope, an audio protocol filter that can be used to view
the network packets sent between an application and a server;
- autool, an audio play/record tool compatible with the
Sun audiotool program;
- auwave, which demonstrates the use of waveform elements; and
- checkmail, which plays a sound file when a user receives mail.
A source code distribution of NAS is available as is a Linux ELF
binary. The package is documented in a set of manuals and technical
reports in PostScript format.
[http://radscan.com/nas.html]
[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/servers/]
- Nascent
- A compiler used by the Sparser research group at the Oregon
Graduate Institute to support experiments in advanced compiler
optimizations for imperative languages for high performance
computer systems ranging from high-end pipelined and superscalar
processors to massively parallel supercomputer systems.
The areas studied include languages and optimizations for
parallel computers, dependence analysis and advanced loop
transformations, back-end optimizations for superscalar
RISC chips, and interprocedural analysis and optimizations.
Nascent was the infrastructure in which all the experiments
were performed.
The source code for the Nascent compiler is available.
It is written in C++ and has been tested on g++ versions
2.5.8 and 2.6.2.
Its used is documented in a user's manual included in the
distribution in LaTeX format.
[http://www.cse.ogi.edu/Sparse/nascent.html]
- NASD
- The Network Attached Secure Disks storage
system architecture is part of a project to design, implement, and
evaluate scalable, distributed and parallel storage architectures,
interfaces, and protocols to comprehensively reduce access latency.
The goal is to develop a method to make commodity storage components
the building blocks of high-bandwidth, low-latency, secure
scalable storage systems.
The features that identify a NASD system include:
- direct client-drive data transfer in a networked
environment using an object-based interface,
- asynchronous oversight
by the high-level filesystem,
- cryptographic support for the integrity of requests,
- storage self-management opportunities derived from a more abstract
and independent role for storage systems, and
- the ability to extend the feature set to demanding client
applications without requiring modification of the file manager software.
The NASD architecture features disk management functions embedded into
the device to offer a variable-length object storage interface while
file managers enable repeat client accesses to specific storage objects
by granting a caching capability.
Data layout management is shifted to the disk so all data and most
control travels across the network only once, eliminating the need for
a store-and-forward computer.
Partitions are variably-sized object groupings rather than physical
disk regions. This enables the management of total partition space
in a manner similar to virtual volumes on virtual disks.
The Extreme NASD Linux software package contains several components including:
- the NASD drive, a software prototype for a NASD hardware device
that is runnable on standard workstations;
- NASD security;
- the EDRFS file system including a file manager and client;
- a prototype of an aggregate storage manager called Cheops;
- configuration and management tools for the NASD drive and
EDRFS file system;
- the drive and filesystem executable as either user processes
or loadable kernel modules; and
- a choice of either TCP-based
RPC or DCE RPC for communication.
[http://www.pdl.cs.cmu.edu/extreme/]
- NASM
- An 80x86 assembler designed for portability and modularity
which supports a wide range of object file formats including
Linux a.out and ELF, COFF, Microsoft 16-bit OBJ and Win32.
It can also output plain binary files.
The syntax is designed to be simple and easy to understand,
i.e. similar to Intel's but less complex.
It supports Pentium, P6, and MMX opcodes and includes a
disassembler.
NASM also has a macroprocessor which can handle macros both
of the multi-line MASM type and the single-line C type.
It supports multi-level file inclusions.
[http://www.web-sites.co.uk/nasm/]
[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/devel/lang/assemblers/]
[http://www.cryogen.com/Nasm/]
- NaSt2D
- A 2-D solver for the incompressible, transient Navier-Stokes
equations including the temperature equation and free boundary
problems. This uses finite differences for discretization on
a structured, equidistant, staggered grid, central and upwind
discretization of the convective pats, and an explicit time-stepping
scheme. The free boundary problems are treated with the MAC
technique.
Several problems are implemented in this package including:
- driven cavity flow;
- flow over a backward-facing step;
- flow past an inclined plate;
- flow past a circular obstacle;
- flow through a T-junction;
- breaking dam flow, i.e. a free boundary value problem (FBVP);
- the splash of a liquid drop (FBVP);
- injection molding (FBVP);
- flow over a backward facing step with a free surface;
- buoyancy flow with heated side walls;
- buoyancy flow with obstacles; and
- buoyancy flow with heated upper and lower walls (i.e.
Rayleigh-Bernard flow).
A source code distribution of this C package
is available.
[ftp://ftp.lrz-muenchen.de/pub/science/fluiddynamics/cfd/NaSt2D/]
- NAT
- Network Address Translation is an Internet technology
that enables load balancing for parallel processing, several types of
access security, fault-tolerance and high-availability, and the
simplification of basic network administration.
The capabilities of NAT include:
- Internet traffic load balancing via a router taking a TCP/IP
connection request and redistributing it to one of many other web
servers at different IP addresses;
- Intranet compute-server load balancing, e.g. via rewriting
incoming IP packet headers and forwarding database read requests
to the least busy database in a cluster;
- firewall security via
masquerading wherein the IP headers of
internal packages leaving a LAN are rewritten to make it appear
that they are all coming from the firewall machine; and
- interactive Web site security via Port Forwarding wherein a
firewall can rewrite IP packets entering via a specific port number
to forward them to the internal server providing the requested service.
NAT is defined in RFC 1631.
[http://linas.org/linux/load.html]
- Nautilus
- A program for engaging in encrypted voice telephone conversations
via modem or TCP/IP.
This provides usable speech quality at bandwidths as low as 4800 bps,
making it usable with cellular modems.
This packages uses a computer's audio hardware to digitize and play back
speech using one of several different built-in speech compression
algorithms. The compressed speech is also encrypted using a choice of
three different encryption functions.
The encryption key is generated by default using the Diffie-Hellman
key exchange algorithm, although it can also be generated from a shared
secret passphrase exchanged ahead of time.
The available key ciphers are Triple DES, IDEA and Blowfish, with the
latter used by default.
A source code distribution of Nautilus is available. This has been
used on Sparcstations as well as DOS and Linux platforms.
The Linux version uses the /dev/dsp interface to control
the sound board, allowing it to use any sound card for which a driver
is available.
[http://www.lila.com/nautilus/]
- nauty
- The ``no automorphisms, yes?'' package consists
of a set of procedures for determining the automorphism group of
a vertex-colored graph. It provides this information in the
form of a set of generators, the size of the group, and the orbits
of the group. It can also produce a canonically labelled isomorph
of the graph to assist in isomorphism testing.
Included in the package are: dreadnaut, a simple interactive
interface; and makeg and makebg, for generating graphs
and bipartite graphs.
A source code distribution of nauty is available. It is written
in a portable subset of C and can be freely used for research
purposes.
A user's manual is included in PostScript format.
[http://cs.anu.edu.au:80/people/bdm/nauty/]
- Nb
- Nota Bene is a GUI for annotating the discourse structure of
spoken dialogue, monologue and text.
The GUI is extensible in that different annotation instructions and
different theories about discourse interpretation and generation can
easily be incorporated. Both instructions and the annotated text
are clearly displayed, and typing is reduced to a minimum.
The features include:
- adding keyboard shortcuts for text tagging;
- a utility that can convert any Nb-annotated files into standard
SGML files;
- tag editing via a simple mouse click; and
- a search function that finds and highlights specified strings.
This is written using Tcl/Tk and requires at
least version 7.4 and 4.0, respectively.
[http://www.sls.lcs.mit.edu/sls/publications/1998/]
- nbench
- A Linux/UNIX port of release 2 of BYTE magazine's BYTEmark benchmark
program. It consists of a series of 10 native mode or algorithm level
tests of a system's CPU, FPU and memory system.
The tests include a numeric sort, a string sort, bit manipulation,
floating point emulation, calculating Fourier coefficients, an assignment
algorithm, Huffman compression, IDEA encryption, a neural net and
LU decomposition.
A source code distribution is available.
[http://www.tux.org/~mayer/linux/bmark.html]
- NBI
- The Normal-Boundary Intersection method is a technique
for solving nonlinear multicriteria
optimization problems.
This is an implementation of NBI in the form of a
Matlab toolbox.
See Das and Dennis Jr. (1998).
[http://www.caam.rice.edu/~indra/NBIhomepage.html]
- nb++
- A C++ class library that provides an object-oriented
interface to some basic OS features (e.g. multithreading, sockets and
regular expressions) as well as help with reference counting and event
dispatching.
The available classes include:
- EventMulticaster, a template class that maintains a registry
of event listeners;
- Exception, a base class for exceptions;
- Handle, a reference counting, reentrant smart pointer template;
- InetAddress, represents an Internet address;
- List, a reference-counted wrapper for an
STL list;
- Lock, an object that acquires an exclusive lock from the mutex
passed to it in its constructor;
- Mutex, a fast mutex for synchronizing non-recursive methods;
- ReadLock, an object acquiring a read lock from the RWLocker
passed to it in its constructor;
- WriteLock, an object acquiring a write lock from the RWLocker
passed to it in its constructor;
- RWLocker, a write lock and multiple read locks for synchronizing
non-recursive methods;
- Regex, represents a POSIX extended regular
expression;
- Runnable, an interface for objects that can be run in their own
thread by a Thread object;
- Socket, represents a client-side socket;
- Thread, represents a POSIX thread;
- UnixAddress, represents a UNIX domain address; and
- Vector, a reference-counted wrapper for an STL
vector.
A source code distribution is available under the
LGPL.
This used to be called ucppkit.
[http://nbpp.sourceforge.net/]
- NCALC
- A program for computing Manning's n value for flow in open channels.
NCALC computes this roughness coefficient from known discharge,
water surface profiles, and channel cross-sectional properties.
The program can compute an n value for single or multiple
cross-sections.
A source code distribution of NCALC for UNIX platforms is
available.
The primary documentation is contained within
Jarrett and Jr. (1985).
This is part of the USGS
Water Resources Applications Software
collection.
[http://water.usgs.gov/software/ncalc.html]
[http://www.geogr.uni-jena.de/software/ncalc.html]
- NCBI Tools
- The National Center for Biotechnology
Information Tools consists of a core library for building
portable software and a library and collection of routines for
handling and building applications for ASN.1 data.
The various parts of the Tools include:
- CoreLib, a collection of multi-platform functions for
memory allocation, file I/O, error and general messages, and time
and date notification;
- Vibrant, a multi-platform user interface development
library;
- Entrez, an application for browsing various molecular
modeling databases;
- cn3d, a 3-D molecular structure viewer; and
- Sequin, an application for entering data into various
molecular modeling databases.
A source code distribution of the NCBI Tools is available. It
is designed to be used on generic UNIX/X11 platforms as well as on
Mac and Windows platforms.
It is extensively documented in a series of manuals written,
unfortunately, in Microshaft Word format.
[ftp://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/toolbox/ncbi_tools/]
- NcFTP
- A program that implements the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
It features several options not available in standard FTP packages
such a a bookmarks file, a bookmark editor, configurable preferences,
special downloading features, and more.
[http://www.ncftpd.com/ncftp/]
- NcFTPd
- An optimized FTP server that runs more quickly and efficiently
than the standard ftpd or wu-ftpd servers. It also has some
additional security features. This is free for non-commercial uses
after registration.
[http://www.ncftpd.com/ncftpd/]
- ncpfs
- A NetWare client filesystem for Linux which works with NetWare
versions 3.X and later.
This enables mounting volumes from a NetWare server under
Linux, printing to NetWare print queues, and spooling NetWare
print queues to the Linux printing system.
This does not support access to the NDS, though.
The utilities in the ncpfs package include:
- ipx_configure, queries or configures IPX behavior with respect
to automatic IPX interface detection;
- ipx_interface, adds, deletes or displays an IPX interface;
- ipx_internal_net, adds or deletes the IPX internal network;
- ipx_route, adds or deletes an IPX route;
- ncopy, copies files to locations on a NetWare file server;
- ncpmount, mounts all volumes of a specified NetWare fileserver;
- ncpunmount, unmounts a NetWare filesystem;
- nprint, a NetWare print client for printing files on the queue
of a NetWare server;
- nsend, for sending messages to users;
- nwauth, for logging into a NetWare server;
- nwbocreate, for creating a NetWare Bindery Object;
- nwbols, for listing NetWare Bindery Objects;
- nwboprops, for listing properties of a NetWare Bindery Object;
- nwborm, for removing a NetWare Bindery Object;
- nwbpadd, for setting the value of a NetWare Bindery Property;
- nwbpcreate, for creating a NetWare Bindery Property;
- nwbprm, for removing a NetWare Bindery Property;
- nwbpset, for creating a Bindery Property of setting its value;
- nwbpvalues, for printing a Bindery Property's contents;
- nwfsinfo, for printing information about the file server;
- nwfstime, for displaying or setting a NetWare server's date
and time;
- nwgrant, for granting trustee rights to a directory;
- nwmsg, for delivering NetWare user broadcast messages;
- nwpasswd, for changing a user's password;
- nwrevoke, for revoking a trustee right;
- nwright, for showing effective rights for a file or directory;
- nwsfind, for finding a NetWare server;
- nwtrustee, for listing an object's trustee directory assignments;
- nwuserlist, for listing users logged into a NetWare server;
- nwvolinfo, for displaying information about NetWare volumes;
- pqlist, for listing available NetWare print queues;
- pqrm, for removing a job from a NetWare print queue;
- pqstat, for listing jobs in a NetWare print queue;
- pserver, connects to print queues on NetWare servers and
feeds incoming print jobs to the Linux printing system; and
- slist, lists all NetWare servers available in a network.
A source code distribution is available.
The May 1997 issue of the Linux Journal
has on article on using ncpfs.
[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/ncpfs/]
[http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/ncpfs/]
[http://samba.SerNet.DE/linux-lan/]
- ncurses
- A freeware emulation of UNIX System V Release 4.0 curses which
uses the terminfo format, supports pads and color, multiple
highlights, forms characters, function-key mapping, and has
all the other SYSV-curses enhancements over BSD curses.
The GNU ncurses contains an emulation of the
termcap library routines and is
now (9/97) recommended over the use of that library.
The features of Ncurses include:
- implementations and documentation
of all 257 of the SVr4 calls;
- full support for SVr4 curses
features (e.g. keyboard mapping, color, forms-drawing with
ACS characters, automatic recognition of keypad and function
keys, etc.);
- emulation of the SVr4 panels library;
- emulation of the SVr4 menus library which supports a uniform
yet flexible interface for menu programming;
- emulation of the SVr4 form library; and
- utility options that
allow the filtering of terminfo entries for use with less
capable curses/terminfo versions.
Ncurses extensions to SVr4 include:
- an implementation that
is 8-bit clean and base-level conformant with the X/OPEN
curses specification;
- support for mouse event reporting
under xterm; and
- a function to resize windows and preserve their data;
super hardware scrolling support.
The ncurses distribution was developed under Linux and should
port easily to other platforms. It includes the source code
and an introductory programming manual in HTML format.
See Goodheart (1991) and
Strang (1986).
[http://www.gnu.org/software/ncurses/ncurses.html]
[http://dickey.his.com/ncurses/ncurses.html]
- PyNcurses
- An Ncurses binding for
Python created with the help of
SWIG.
[http://pyncurses.sourceforge.net/]
- Ncview
- See under NetCDF.
- NDimViewer
- A visualization system for the numerical approximation of dynamical
systems and the representation of the calculated data using
several novel techniques.
It is specialized for high dimensional systems with a dimension
count up to 25, depending on the technique.
The techniques implemented are:
- extruded parallel coordinates (EPC), a technique for investigating
characteristics of the trajectory (e.g. correlations and clustering)
wherein flow is simulated by
moving a parallel coordinate system along the third spatial axis after
each plotting of a sampled point of a trajectory;
- linking with wings (LWW), a similar technique to 2-D streamline
plots wherein 2 of N variables are mapped into a 2-D subspace with the
third dimension used to represent the other N-2 variables via extending
the base trajectory with wings; and
- three-dimensional parallel coordinates (TPC), for displaying
a high-dimensional point with parallel coordinates by mapping each
single variable onto 1-D lines, i.e. the coordinate axes, which
are placed in parallel with the points on the coordinate axes connected
by lines to create a polyline.
NDimViewer is implemented in Java 1.2 and uses
the extension classes of Java3D 1.1.
[http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/vis-dyn-syst/NDimViewer/]
- NDMP
- The Network Data Management Protocol
is an open standard protocol for enterprise wide backup of heterogeneous
network-attached storage.
A draft specification and a Software Development Kit (SDK) are
available, with the latter intended to promote the adoption
of NDMP and to facilitate implementations of the protocol.
[http://www.ndmp.org/]
- nDVI
- See under Netscape.
- NEC
- The Numerical Electromagnetics Code is a program
for analyzing the electromagnetic response of an arbitrary
structure consisting of wires and surfaces in free space or over
a ground plane.
The analysis method involves the numerical solution of integral
equations for induced currents, with there being separate equations
for smooth surfaces and wires.
The input may be an incident plane wave or a voltage source
on a wire, and the output may include current and charge
density, the electric or magnetic filed in the vicinity
of the structure, and radiated fields.
The model may include nonradiating networks and transmission
lines connecting parts of the structure, perfect or
imperfect conductors, and lumped element loading.
This integral solution approach is best suited to structures
whose physical dimensions are up to several wavelengths, with
larger structures better handled via high frequency approximations
such as geometric optics, physical optics, or the geometrical
theory of diffraction.
Features of NEC include:
- a numerical Green's function (NGF) option which allows new parts
to be added to the model without having to repeat all calculations;
- a Sommerfeld/Norton ground method;
- the computation of maximum coupling between antennas;
- wires can have tapered radius and segment lengths;
- rectangular surfaces with multiple patches can be specified;
- patches can be specified as triangles, rectangles, or quadrangles;
- both near electric and magnetic fields may be computed; and
- an optional extended thin-wire approximation.
The most recent publicly available version is NEC-2.
A distribution is available as either Fortran or C source code.
Binary versions are also available for Mac, MS-DOS,
Sun SunOS, IBM RS6000, Linux Intel, and HP-UX platforms.
A user's manual is available in PDF,
ASCII, and HTML format.
[http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu/swindex.html]
[http://www.emclab.umr.edu/aces/]
[http://members.home.net/nec2/]
- NEdit
- A GUI style plain-text editor for X/Motif systems. It combines
full use of the mouse and window manager with keystroke efficiency
and a full complement of editing commands. Features include
an efficient, proven command set with complete functionality
and designed for intensive use, a design that is 100the ground up with true multi-windowing, mouse-based editing,
and cut-and-paste with other X Windows programs, easy to learn
features and special features for programmers, and easy installation.
The source code is available as well as several binaries at the
given home site, including (starting with version 4.0.1) a binary
for Linux platforms. If you want to compile it yourself you'll
need Motif.
A statically built
NEdit binary
is also available at the standard Linux software
sites and their mirrors, although as of this writing (3/96)
they're made from an earlier version than 4.0.1.
[http://www.nedit.org/]
- NEFCLASS
- A neuro-fuzzy classification program that uses neuro-fuzzy models
for data analysis.
It learns fuzzy rules and sets via supervised learning.
The features include:
- representation of a fuzzy classification system;
- incremental learning of fuzzy classification rules;
- learning fuzzy sets by simple heuristics; and
- a learning algorithm that doesn't afflict the semantics of the
underlying fuzzy classifier.
This is freely available for scientific and personal use.
[http://fuzzy.cs.Uni-Magdeburg.de/nefclass/]
- NEFCON
- A program for neuro-fuzzy control that can learn fuzzy rules and sets
via reinforcement learning.
The features include:
- representation of a normal fuzzy controller;
- learning fuzzy rules incrementally or decrementally;
- learning fuzzy sets via simple heuristics;
- a linguistic error measure expressed with fuzzy rules; and
- a learning algorithm that doesn't afflict the semantics of the
underlying fuzzy controller.
NEFCON is freely available for scientific and personal use, and
is available in source and binary forms.
[http://fuzzy.cs.Uni-Magdeburg.de/nefcon/]
- NELSIS
- A flexible, lightweight CAD framework enabling tool integrators
to build high-performance design engineering environments.
NELSIS is not concerned with the contents of a design description
but rather with administering information about design descriptions,
e.g. their hierarchical structure, levels of abstraction, where to
find them, etc.
The design requirements for NELSIS include:
- not restricting the functionality of design systems built on it;
- not enforcing particular design methodologies on users;
- provision of high level design management services such as
support for hierarchy and equivalence relations between design
descriptions, versioning, consistency and concurrency control and
design flow management;
- configurability of high level design management services;
- provision for creating an arbitrary number of design databases in
a distributed hardware environment that will allow multiple design
tools to work concurrently with mutual interference; and
- independence of specific application domains, i.e. usable
for electronics, mechanics, software design, etc.
The architecture of the NELSIS CAD framework includes:
- a base layer consisting of a Meta Data Manager (MDM) for handling
information about design descriptions according to a specified
data schema;
- Design Management Services (DMS) built on top of the MDM for
performing various tasks such as access control, hierarchy and version
management, and design flow management;
- Framework User Services (FUS) for providing an interface between the
CAD Framework and the designer, e.g. to invoke tools or browse information
stored by the framework;
- a Design Management Interface providing an implementation independent
layer between the tools and both the FUS and DMS, allowing such actions
as opening and closing design databases and checking out/in design
descriptions;
- an arbitrary number of design databases; and
- an arbitrary number of tools.
Binary distributions of the NELSIS CAD framework are available
for several platforms including Linux Intel, and may be obtained
upon completing and returning a license form.
Documentation includes various users guides and technical reports
as well as an extensive set of man pages.
[http://www.ddtc.dimes.tudelft.nl/nelsis/]
- NEMO
- An extensible stellar dynamics toolbox which contains various
programs to create, integrate, analyze and visualize N-body and
SPH-like systems. There are also various tools to operate on
images, tables and orbits as well as on FITS file to export to or
import from other astronomical data reduction packages. NEMO
also contains well-defined procedures for extending its
capabilities with user-developed programs.
NEMO is structured into various groups of programs including:
- the N-body group containing various programs to create N-body
systems (e.g. spherical, disk), methods to compute the gravitational
field (e.g. softened Newtonian, hierarchical, Fourier expansion),
and time integrators (e.g. leapfrog, Runge-Kutta) as well as utilities
to manipulate and anaylyze the data;
- the orbit group containing
programs to calculate the paths of individual orbits in static
potentials and analyze them;
- the image group containing
programs to display and manipulate 2-D rectangular pixel arrays; and
the table group containing programs to manipulate and display
ASCII files containing arrays of numbers.
NEMO has been ported to several UNIX
platforms and there is a special
Linux Astronomy
group to handle the port to the Linux
operating system. The documentation is contained in a user's
and programmer's guide available in
PostScript and HTML
format.
[http://bima.astro.umd.edu/nemo/]
- nenscript
- A clone of the proprietary enscript program from Adobe
Systems which converts ASCII text files into PostScript files and
prints them to a printer or a file.
Nenscript produces output which fully conforms to the
Adobe Document Structuring Conventions (DSC),
supports normal or fancier output,
supports single or double column output,
allows the insertion of titles and headers in any font,
can print multiple copies of a document, and
automatically wraps long lines.
The chief features of enscript not supported by nenscript is
the ability to use fonts other than Courier for text output.
A source code distribution of nenscript is available. It
is written is C and is portable to almost any
UNIX flavor.
It is documented in a man page and some text files.
[http://www.im.lcs.mit.edu/~magnus/nenscript/]
[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/printing/]
- neon
- An HTTP and
WebDAV client library written in C
for UNIX systems.
The features include:
- high-level interface to HTTP and WebDAV methods;
- low-level interface to HTTP
request handling to allow the easy implementation of new methods;
- HTTP 1.0 and 1.1 persistent connections;
- RFC 2616 basic and digest authentication;
- proxy support including basic/digest authentication;
- generic WebDAV 207 XML response handling
mechanism;
- XML parsing via the expat
or libxml parsers;
- generation of messages from 207 error responses;
- WebDAV resource manipulation, e.g. MOVE, COPY, DELETE, MKCOL; and
- WebDAV metadata support, e.g. setting and removing properties,
querying any set of properties.
[http://www.webdav.org/neon/]
- NEOS
- A network-enabled problem solving environment (PSE) for a wide
class of applications in business, science and enginerding.
The NEOS Server is designed as a generic application service provider
(ASP) which, upon installation, creates:
- a web site for the ASP;
- CGI scripts to parse generic web submissions;
- scripts to parse email and TCP/IP socket
submissions;
- a database for tracking submission information along with appropriate
tools for working with it;
- instructions for adding new services; and
- administrative tools for building a collection of services.
The process by which the NEOS Server handles user requests is:
- user submissions are sent to a central Server machine;
- the Server parses the submission and writes the key pieces of
information to separate files for each type of service provided;
- the Server sends job request files to distributed solver stations
and executes the software thereon;
- the software processes the request and sends a solution back to the
Server; and
- the Server returns the result to the original requestor.
The NEOS Server system is designed to run on standard UNIX platforms
with Perl 5 installed.
NEOS Clients built using both Tcl/Tk
and Java are available.
[http://www-neos.mcs.anl.gov/]
- neotec
- A set of thin-plate and thin-shell
finite element programs that can be
used to model the deformation of the lithosphere, formulate tectonic
hypotheses, fit geodetic data, estimate long-term seismic hazards,
study plate rheology, or for teaching purposes.
The rheology uses in anelastic and the programs incorporate frictional
plasticity and fault sliding and/or power-law dislocation creep and/or
linear Newtonian viscosity depending on local conditions.
The isostatic approximation is used for the vertical equilibrium
component, and the vertical normal stress estimated as lithostatic.
The neotec programs differ from the related paleotec
package in that they are designed for neotectonic studies.
That is, while they compute velocity, anelastic strain rate, fault slip-rate,
and stress-anomaly integrals, they do not deform their own grids or step
through time.
They permit discrete fault elements to be included in the grid with
assigned dips as well as lower friction than the blocks (i.e. microplates)
between them.
The programs included in the neotec package include:
- FAULTS, a thin-plate, flat-Earth finite element program
for anelastic crustal deformation whose purposes are to:
- solve the momentum equation (stress-equilibrium equation) under
the quasistatic (creeping-flow) approximation for thin faulted
plates of crust deforming anelastically on a flat Earth;
- calculate long-term average velocities, average fault-slip
rates, average anelastic strain rates, and average deviatoric stresses; and
- provide either colored or black and white maps of the input data
and computed results.
- PLATES, a thin-plate, flate-Earth finite element program
for anelastic plate deformation whose purposes are to:
- solve the momentum equation under the quasistatic approximation
for thin faulted plates of lithosphere (crust plus mantle lithossphere)
deforming anelastically on a flat Earth;
- calculate long-term average velocities, fault slip rates, and
anelastic strain rates, and average stresses; and
- provide graphical versions of model inputs and outputs.
- SHELLS, a finite element program using thin-shell elements
to economically represent large sections of the lithosphere featuring:
- fault elements to simulate plate boundaries or other fault systems;
- a rheology consisting of nonlinear frictional-sliding at low
temperatures and dislocation-creep at high temperatures; and
- separate crust and mantle-lithosphere layers.
Most of the neotec programs are written in
Fortran 77 or 90, although some of the
graphics programs are written in the sort of weird languages you
might find on DOS/Windoze platforms since they're developed on
such things. There may also be the odd call or two to IMSL
routines here and there for solving various equation systems.
Documentation can be found online as well as in a series of
papers by the author.
See Bird (1998a),
Bird (1999) and
Kong and Bird (1995).
[ftp://element.ess.ucla.edu/neotec/]
- NeoWebScript
- A server-side scripting environment based on
Safe Tcl. This
allows users to write NeoWebScript programs that perform
sophisticated data procesing on on-the-fly HTML generation
without risking or compromising the system by opening
arbitrary files or running arbitrary programs on the
server. This is available as a module for the
Apache webserver.
NeoWebScript is available in two forms. The first form
includes all of the necesary Tcl and ancillary code needed
for it to run, and the second is a mini-release containing
only the specific source code for NeoWebScript for those
who already have the appropriate Tcl programs installed.
[http://www.NeoSoft.com/neowebscript/]
- NESL
- A strongly-typed, applicative, data-parallel language
which integrates concepts from
parallel algorithms, functional
languages, and implementation techniques.
The main emphasis in the design of NESL was to make parallel programming
easy and portable as well as to allow algorithms to be expressed
more concisely than in most other parallel languages.
The important new ideas behind NESL include nested data parallelism
which offers the benefits of data parallelism and concise code while
still being well suited for the development of irregular algorithms
such as algorithms on trees, graphs, or sparse matrices.
Another significant idea involves
a language-based performance model which offers a formal way to
calculate the work and depth of a program (i.e. measures of
performance analysis). NESL is loosely based on the
ML functional language.
NESL is a data-parallel language, i.e. it supports parallelism
with operations over the data. The parallel constructs are:
- parallel sequences or 1-D arrays;
- a parallel apply-to-each command for applying any expression
to each element of a sequence in parallel; and
- a set of parallel operations on sequences, e.g. summing the
elements thereof.
A significant feature is support for nested parallelism which allows
any of these constructs to be nested to any number of levels.
This feature is important for implementing algorithms with irregular
nested loops and for divide-and-conquer algorithms.
The NESL distribution includes the source code and documentation
in PostScript format.
The installation of NESL requires GCL,
CMUCL, or a commercial
Common Lisp system
as well as UNIX/X11 platforms.
It currently (4/97) runs on UNIX
workstations, the IBP SP-2,
the CM5, the Cray C90 and J90, the MasPar MP2, the Intel
Paragon, and on SMP machines such as the SGI Power Challenge
or the DEC AlphaServer. A portable MPI
backend is also being developed. In addition to the basic
distribution a library of parallel algorithms written in NESL
can be obtained.
See Blelloch et al. (1994).
[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/nesl.html]
- Nessus
- A project to provide a free, open-sourced and easy-to-use security
auditing tool. The features include:
- a plug-in architecture with each security test written as an
external plug-in;
- a Nessus Attack Scripting Language (NASL) designed for writing
security tests;
- an up-to-date security vulnerability database;
- a client-server architecture;
- simulataneously testing an unlimited number of hosts;
- smart service recognition that recognizes services even when they're
not running on standard ports;
- multiple service testing;
- cooperation among tests, e.g. if an FTP server doesn't offer anonymous
logins then anonymous-related security checks won't be performed;
- exportable reports detailing how to fix security problems; and
- multilingual support.
[http://www.nessus.org/]
- NEStra
- An NES emulator for Linux.
[http://nestra.linuxgames.com/]
- NET_SCCS
- The Networked Source Code Control System
is a project to provide a platform-independent layer on top of
SCCS, the standard UNIX source code control system.
The will create a single, centralized, efficient, and simple SCCS
for use on all supported platforms.
NET_SCCS will used TCP/IP and
HTTP for communications and SCCS to store the
source code.
It will consist of two parts: back-end processes running
under UNIX and front-end processes initially implemented as command-line
utilities and eventually in some GUI form.
This project is currently (5/98) in the early stages of development.
[http://www.voicenet.com/~mortis/projects/net_sccs/]
- netatalk
- A kernel-level implementation of the AppleTalk Protocol Suite (APS)
that includes support for routing AppleTalk, serving UNIX and
AFS filesystems over AFP (Appleshare), and serving UNIX printers
and accessing Appletalk printers over PAP.
Several printing and debugging utilities are also included.
Netatalk includes support for EtherTalk Phase I and II, DDP, RTMP, NBP, ZIP,
AEP, ATP, PAP, ASP and AFP.
DDP is in the kernel. A program called atalkd implements
RTMP, NBP, ZIP and AEP and is the AppleTalk equivalent of the UNIX
routed and ifconfig. A client-stub library is also available
for NBP, and ATP and ASP are also implemented as libraries.
The program papd allows Macs to spool to lpd or
a pipe, and pap allows UNIX machines to print to
AppleTalk connected printers. The program psf is a PostScript
printer filter for lpd designed to use pap, and
psorder is a PostScript reverser called by psf
to reverse pages printed to face-up stacking printers.
A Mac interface to the UNIX file system if provided by the
program afpd.
The netatalk package is available as C source code which
can be compiled on most generic UNIX platforms.
All of the programs are documented via man pages.
Linux-specific installation and use information is provided at
the Linux netatalk site.
See also CAP, MacGate,
hfs_fs,
hfsutils, and
Linux Services for Mac and Windows Users.
The January 1998 issue of the Linux Journal contains an article
about netatalk.
[http://netatalk.sourceforge.net/]
- Netaudio
- A package which provides a standard way of sending and receiving
a stream of audio between two machines using an IP connection.
Netaudio allows the sending, receiving, and rebroadcasting of
data with a single program, with a choice for which program to
use for the audio compression.
This can be used, e.g. to set up Netscape to
receive a real-time audio feed.
The source code for netaudio is available and has been
tested on Linux, NetBSD and FreeBSD platforms.
The author recommends the use of GSM
for audio compression.
The program is documented in a man page.
[http://www.bitgate.com/netaudio/]
- Netboot
- A package for booting an X86-based
computer over an IP
network with accessing either a hard disk or a floppy.
This can be used for a printer spooler, a terminal server, an
X11 terminal, and various other specialized
applications.
This is used to create a boot ROM which gets plugged into a socket
on the network card.
A source code distribution is available.
[http://www.han.de/~gero/netboot.html]
- NetBSD
- A Linux competitor as a freely-available UNIX clone
operating system. It's not polite to completely ignore the
competition.
[http://www.netbsd.org/]
- netcat
- A utility for reading and writing data across network connections
using the TCP or UDP
protocols.
It is designed to be a reliable back-end tool that can be used or
driven by other programs and scripts.
It can also be used as a network debugging and exploration tool since
it can create almost any kind of connection and has many built-in
capabilities. The features include:
- outbound or inbout TCP or UDP connections to or from any ports;
- full DNS forward/reverse checking with
appropriate warnings;
- using any local source port;
- using any locally-configureed network source address;
- built-in port scanning capabilities (with a randomizer);
- built-in loose source-routing;
- a slow-send mode, i.e. one line every N seconds;
- hex dumps of transmitted and received data;
- allowing another program to service established connections; and
- a Telnet-options responder.
[http://www.l0pht.com/~weld/netcat/]
[ftp://coast.cs.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/netcat/]
- NetCDF
- The network Common Data Form is an interface for scientific data
access and a library that provides an implementation of the interface.
It also defines a machine-independent format for representing data.
Data stored in the netCDF format is self-describing, network
transparent, direct-access, appendable, and sharable. There is
a netCDF interface to
HDF available. An online
NetCDF User's Guide can be browsed for
further details. Several ancillary packages are described
below.
Graphics and/or analysis packages
that can read and/or write NetCDF data include
CRDtools,
DDI,
DODS,
Envision,
EPIC,
GMT,
GrADS,
Gri,
HDF,
LinkWinds,
and Zebra.
See Rew and Davis (1990) and
Brown et al. (1993).
[http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/netcdf/]
- cdf2asc
- A program that dumps data in a
NetCDF file to an ASCII file.
It is written in C and documented in a man page.
[http://www-c4.ucsd.edu/~cids/software/visual.html]
- cdf2c
- A program that creates C code to read a given
NetCDF file.
It is written in C and documented in a man page.
[http://www-c4.ucsd.edu/~cids/software/visual.html]
- cdf2fortran
- A program that creates Fortran code to read a given
NetCDF file.
It is written in Fortran and documented in a man page.
[http://www-c4.ucsd.edu/~cids/software/visual.html]
- FAN
- The File Array
Notation is an array-oriented language for
identifying data items in files for the purpose of extraction or
modification. The only data format currently supported is
NetCDF.
The package also includes four utility programs:
- nc2text, which prints variable and attribute values from
NetCDF files;
- ncmeta, which prints metadata from NetCDF files;
- ncrob, which reads data from one or more NetCDF variables,
performs some process on it, and then either prints it or writes
it to NetCDF variables; and
- text2nc, which reads ASCII text data and writes it to
a NetCDF variable or attribute.
The FAN language is used with these utilities
to select individual data points or ranges of points from
fields being processed or browsed. An
Introduction to FAN
is available online, and a manual is available in
PostScript format.
[http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/netcdf/contrib.html]
- HOPS
- The Hyperslab OPerator Suite is a bilingual,
multi-platform software package for processing data in
NetCDF files conforming to the the
NCAR CCM or Ocean Model format. It is implemented in the languages of both
the commercially available IDL and the freely available
Yorick.
HOPS is a suite of operators that act on data units called hyperslabs,
and has an object-oriented design in which the operators treat the
numeric data and the associated meta-data as a single object.
[http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/gds/svn/hyperslab.html]
- NCIP
- The NetCDF Interface Routines are set of
Fortran routines designed to minimize the
work required to read and write NetCDF files.
The user's contact with NetCDF is reduced to a limited number of
Fortran outines for which only an argument list must be supplied, i.e.
low level NetCDF API calls are not required.
A source code distribution is available for which compilation
is currently (7/99) a slightly complicated process.
[ftp://ftp.gfdl.gov/pub/jps/netcdf/utils/]
- NCO
- The NetCDF Operators is a suite of programs which
take a NetCDF program, perform some operation
on it, and produce another NetCDF program as output.
The operators are primarily designed to aid in the manipulation
and analysis of scientific data.
The available NCO programs include:
- ncatted, for editing attributes in NetCDF files;
- ncdiff, subtracts one file from another and creates a third;
- ncea, performs gridpoint averages of variables across an
ensemble of input files;
- ncecat, concatenates an arbitrary number of input files into
a single output file;
- ncflint, linearly combines an arbitrary number of input files;
- ncks, extracts a subset of data from an input file and prints
it as ASCII text;
- ncra, averages record variables across an arbitrary number
of input files;
- ncrcat, concatenates record variables across an arbitrary
number of input files;
- ncrename, renames dimensions, variables and attributes in
a NetCDF file;
- ncwa, averages variables in a single file over arbitrary
dimensions.
A source code distribution is available which has been successfully
compiled on several platforms including Linux.
A user's manual is available in the usual formats.
[http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cms/nco/]
- Ncview
- A visual browser for NetCDF format filesw. This allows a quick,
easy, push-button look at NetCDF files. Capabilities include
viewing simple movies of the data, viewing along various dimensions,
taking a look at the actual data values, changing color maps, inverting
the data, etc.
Ncview can be compiled on UNIX platforms
under X11R4 or higher. It requires the Xaw
library for compilation.
Several binaries are available at the site, although not yet
one for Linux Intel platforms. Not to worry, since I've compiled
it on my box and make available a
Ncview Linux Binary Package
which contains just the Ncview binary and the modified makefile
I used to create it. You still need to get the source package
for some other needed files, though.
[http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~pierce/ncview_home_page.html]
- NetCDF for Java
- An ongoing project to create a Java interface
to NetCDF. An alpha release is available as
of 6/96.
[http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/netcdf/java/]
- NetCDFPerl
- A Perl extension for
accessing
NetCDF datasets.
[http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/netcdf-perl]
- PythonNetCDF
- A Python language
interface to the
NetCDF package.
[http://snow.cit.cornell.edu/noon/ncmodule.html]
[http://starship.python.net/crew/hinsen/netcdf.html]
- NetComponents
- A Java package that enables easy access to
most commonly used Internet protocols including FTP, NNTP,
SMTP, POP3, Telnet, TFTP, finger, whois, and others.
It also has BSD remote command support, e.g. for rexec,
rcmd/rshell and rlogin.
The goal of this package is to not only make the global functionality
of a protocol accessible, but to also provide access to the
fundamental protocols so the programmer can construct his own
custom implementations.
But if a programmer doesn't want to deal with low-level details,
comprehensive protocol client implementations are included.
A source code implementation of NetComponents is freely available
under the terms of a non-exclusive, non-transferable limited
license whose details are available at the site.
Special instructions are included for making this work with
the Linux JDK ports.
The API is documented in HTML format.
[http://www.oroinc.com/]
[http://psaweb.pisa.otm.it/archweb/develop/software/java/misc/]
- NetForge
- An HTTP server written in
Java. It is object-oriented,
has a small server kernel, has an interface for custom responders (i.e.
you can write your own objects and bind them to the server at runtime),
and has runtime adminstration via the Web.
It implements CGI 1.1 and has a servlet
interface for running HTTP servlets.
This was developed using JDK 1.0.2 under Linux.
[http://www.novocode.com/]
- NetForum
- A Web based group communication and collaboration system whose
features include:
- organization of forums into topics and messages;
- an intuitive toolbar for acess to the features;
- creation and management of forums via a Web interface;
- editing and deletion of topics and messages with administrative tools;
- customization of individual forum features;
- online documentation for users and owners;
- a wide range of toolbar buttons whose presence and position on the
toolbar can be customized;
- use of HTML in messages (with the capability of limiting this
to non-annoying tags, i.e. no blinking HTML);
- sending email to designated forum contacts when messages are left
in a forum;
- notification of group members via email; and
- linking to a forum from another site.
This is written in Perl
and should work on
any UNIX-based platform with Perl 4.0.18 and with an httpd server
that allows subdirectories within a cgi directory.
[http://www.medsch.wisc.edu/netforum/home.html]
- NetKit
- A collection of basic network tools that have been fixed and
ported from BSD code.
This collection contains:
- biff, which informs the system whether you want to be notified
when mail arrives;
- comsat;
- finger, which displays information about system users;
- fingerd, the finger daemon;
- ftp, a file transfer program;
- inetd, a super-server daemon which listens for connections
on several Internet sockets;
- ping, which sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts;
- rcp, a remote file copying program;
- rlogin, a remote login program;
- rlogind, the rlogin daemon;
- routed, a daemon that manages the
network routing tables;
- rusersd, a daemon that returns information
about users currently logged into a system;
- rwalld;
- bootparamd;
- rpcgen, an RPC protocol compiler;
- rpcinfo, which reports information from an RPC server;
- rsh, a remote shell;
- rshd, the rsh daemon;
- rusers, which produces a list of users on all machines on a
local network;
- rwall, which sends a message to users logged on a host;
- rwho, which finds out who is logged in on local machines;
- rwhod, the rwhod daemon;
- talk, which copies lines from one terminal to another;
- talkd, the talk daemon;
- telnet, a program to communicate with another host via the
TELNET protocol;
- telnetd, the telnet daemon;
- tftp, a trivial file transfer program;
- tftpd, the tftpd daemon;
- timed, the time server daemon;
- timedc, which is used to control timed;
- write, which sends a message to another user;
- writed, the write deamon; and
- routed.
A source code distribution of NetKit-0.09 is available.
This version is supposed to be the last with everything packaged
together, with the plan being to make all of the individual
components available individually.
The utilities are all written in C and can be compiled and installed
via the supplied makefile.
Each utility is documented in a separate man page.
[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/misc/]
[ftp://ftp.uk.linux.org/pub/linux/Networking/]
- Netlab
- A Matlab toolbox designed to provide the tools
needed to simulate well-founded neural network algorithms for use in
teaching, research and applications development.
The available Netlab algorithms include:
- a Gaussian mixture model with EM training algorithm;
- linear and logistic regression with IRLS training algorithm;
- multi-layer perceptron with linear, logistic and softmax outputs
and appropriate error functions;
- radial basis function (RBF) networks with both Gaussian and
non-local basis functions;
- optimizers including quasi-Newton methods, conjugate gradients
and scaled conjugate gradients;
- multi-layer perceptron with Gaussian mixture outputs (mixture
density networks);
- Gaussian prior distributions over parameters for the MLP
including multiple hyper-parameters;
- a Gaussian approximation framework for Bayesian inference;
- Automatic Relevance Determination for input selection;
- Markov chain Monte-Carlo including simple Metropolis and
hybrid Monte-Carlo;
- Hinton diagrams for network weights;
- K-nearest neighbour classifier; and
- K-means clustering.
See Bishop (1998).
[http://www.ncrg.aston.ac.uk/netlab/]
- Netlib
- Huge mathematical and scientific software repository.
This is searchable by keyword and subject. Many of the
items in Netlib are listed and described here.
[http://www.netlib.org/]
- NETPATH
- An interactive Fortran 77 program designed
to interpret net geochemical mass balance reactions between initial
and final waters along a hydrologic flow path. NETPATH uses chemical
and isotope data for waters from a hydrochemical systems, and can take
into account dissolution, precipitation, ion exchange, oxidation/reduction,
degradation of organic compounds, incongruent reaction, gas exchange,
mixing, evaporation, dilution, isotope fractionation, and isotope
exchange.
Geochemical mass balance models are examined between selected
evolutionary waters for every possible combination of the plausible
phases that can account for the composition of a selected set of
chemical and isotopic constraints in the system. The package
also includes a database program for storing and editing the
chemical and isotope data.
A source code distribution of NETPATH for UNIX platforms is
available. Related programs in the USGS
Water Resources Application Software
series are BALNINPT and
PHREEQC.
The primary documentation is contained within
Plummer et al. (1994).
[http://water.usgs.gov/software/netpath.html]
- Netpbm
- The Pbmplus package plus some
additional conversion and manipulation utilities.
The additional PBM programs include those which:
add BDF font support, display on an AT&T 4425 ASCII
terminal, convert to DEC LN03+, convert to PostScript,
convert to and from a packed format font (PK),
flip isolated pixels, and enlarge a PBM image with
edge smoothing.
New PGM programs include those that
convert ASCII images, PBM files, Biorad confocal microscope
images, and SPOT satellite images to PGM; generate a
convolution kernel, and create a PGM file with random pixels.
The numerous new PPM
programs include those which:
- convert to and from Windows bitmap (BMP) format;
- extract all colors from a PPM file;
- convert to Mitsubishi S340-10;
- convert from XV thumbnails;
- convert to and from YUV triplets;
- create a red/blue stereo image;
- change image saturation and value on an HSV map;
- change all pixels of one color to another;
- dim a PPM file to total blackness;
- brighten a picture to complete whiteout;
- blend together two portable pixmaps;
- normalize the contrast;
- perform eight plane quantization;
- shift lines of a portable pixmap left or right; and
- convert to an HP PaintJet XL PCL file.
The new PNM programs include those which:
convert to and from SGI image format and Solitaire
image recorder format; a replacement for giftoppm
which examines the input image and produces a PBM,
PGM or PPM output file; converts PostScript to PNM
(using Ghostscript;
converts PostScript to PNM, implement an
anti-aliasing filter, composite two PNM files
together, and add borders to anymap files.
This package is available and will compile in a manner
similar to Pbmplus.
All of the new programs are documentation in
additional man pages.
[http://sourceforge.net/projects/netpbm/]
[ftp://ftp.cc.gatech.edu/pub/linux/apps/graphics/convert/]
[ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/ftp/archive/netpbm/]
[http://www.arc.umn.edu/GVL/Software/netpbm.html]
- NetPipes
- A package of utilities for manipulating BSD
TCP/IP stream sockets.
This makes sockets usable in shell scripts and can also simplify
client/server code by allow the tedious programming tasks related to
sockets to be skipped.
The utilities in the package are:
- faucet, serves as a fixture for a network pipe by behaving as
the server end of a server-client connection;
- hose, behaves as the client end of a server-client connection;
- encapsulate, multiplexes several channels over a single socket
with sampling of remote process exist status along with providing
conversation termination without closing the socket;
- sockdown, shuts down a socket by performing the shutdown
system call;
- getpeername, obtains information about either end of a socket's
connection;
- timelimit, spawns a subprocess and, if the child process doesn't
finish within the given time limit, either kills it, exits, or leaves the
child in the background; and
- ssl-auth, provides SSL capability for
simple programs and shell scripts.
A source code distribution is available.
[http://web.purplefrog.com/~thoth/netpipes/netpipes.html]
- NetPlug
- An extensible multi-connection, multi-protocol, network
client program written in Tcl/Tk.
The distribution currently (4/97) includes a complete IRC
client plug-in, a Go game client, a memory plug-in to record
favorite host/port combinations, an asynchronous event-driven
file/pipe plugin, and a TCP/IP gateway and multiplexing
plugin.
The source code for NetPlug is available and written in
Tcl/Tk. It is recommended that Tcl 7.6 and Tk 4.2 or later
be used on UNIX boxes.
Documentation is sketchy thus far.
[http://www.demailly.com/~dl/netplug.html]
- NeTraMet
- The Network Traffic Meter is a meter for network
traffic flows that implements RFC 1272 establishing
procedures for real-time traffic flow measurement.
NeTraMet consists of three components:
- meters, i.e. small hosts attached to a network segment that
monitor traffic on that segment;
- meter readers that retrieve information from meters; and
- managers that instruct meters as to which flows they should
measure and meter readers as to which meters they should collection
from and at what intervals.
The programs comprising the NeTraMet system are:
- netramet, the basic metering program;
- nemac, the combined manager and collector for the NeTraMet meter;
- netflowmet, a meter that takes input from a Cisco router via Cisco
NetFlow;
- srl, an optimizing compiler for the Simple Ruleset Language (SRL);
- fd_filter, which reads a flow data file and processes it as requested
in a format file, e.g. computing flow rates, changing file formats, filtering
flows or statistical records;
- fd_extract, reads a flow data file and produces a data matrix
file;
- nifty, a network traffic flow analyzer that monitors network segments
to which NeTraMet meters are attached and displays information about the
traffic flow on that segment; and
- nm_rc, a remote console program for NeTraMet for listing
the busiest flows observed by a meter.
Source and binary distributions of NeTraMet are available, with one of the
latter being for Linux Intel platforms.
The documentation includes several manuals in PDF
format along with a set of man pages.
[http://www.auckland.ac.nz/net/NeTraMet/]
[ftp://coast.cs.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/NeTraMet/]
- NetRexx
- A human-oriented language designed to make writing and using
Java classes quicker and easier than
in Java.
NetRexx blends the syntax of Rexx with the robustness and
portability of the Java environment, which results in a language
tuned for both scripting and application development.
The reference implementation of NetRexx is a compiler which
first translates the NetRexx source code into Java source code.
A Java compiler is then used to generate the Java bytecodes (i.e.
class files) for execution. NetRexx can use any Java class and
vice-versa.
The compiler is written in NetRexx and should run on any platform
that supports the Java toolkit and compiler, i.e. the
JDK.
The NetRexx distribution includes the class files which should
work on all Java platforms, the compiler which works on platforms
for which the JDK is available, and
documentation in both HTML and ASCII format.
Separate documentation is also available in PostScript
format.
See Cowlishaw (1997).
[http://www.ibm.com/Technology/NetRexx/]
- NetSaint
- A program for monitoring hosts and services on a network which can
email or page someone when problems arise are or resolved.
This runs in daemon mode, intermittently
running checks on various specified services.
The actual checks are performed by separate plugin programs that
return the status of various services to the daemon, which
processes them appropriately.
The features include:
- monitoring of a wide array of network services;
- an extensible plugin interface for user-developed service checks;
- a wide variety of standard plugins for
TCP ports,
SMTP,
POP3,
FTP,
NNTP,
HTTP,
ping,
DNS,
disk space, current users, processes, processor load, HP printers,
MRTG traffic and generic.
Novell servers, Oracle database servers and
PostgreSQL databases;
- defining event handlers to be run during service or host events; and
- Web output, e.g. current status, notifications, problem history, etc.
A source code distribution is available under the
GPL.
[http://netsaint.linuxbox.com/]
- Netscape
- A Web browser. The latest "killer app" from the folks who
originally developed the Mosaic browser and went on to a net
worth of billions in the market. The Linux version of the
Netscape browser is freely available under certain conditions
that are detailed at the site. It is also unsupported, but
it seems to work pretty well for me.
[http://www.netscape.com/]
- Fortify
- A program that provides unconditional, full-strength, 128-bit
cryptography to users of Netscape Navigator (v3 and v4) and
Communicator (v4).
While Netscape has been able to perform SSL
encryption since v2 and the cipher functions have no inherent key length
limitations, the export grade browser only generates and uses
40-bit secret keys.
Fortify allows Netscape to generate and use 128-bit secret keys
whenever possible. It does this by installing itself directly into
the browser at a small number of places, i.e. neither SSL proxy servers/relays,
supplementary libraries, or other support programs are needed or involved.
Nor are special certificates required in the server or browser.
Fortify is run against a vanilla copy of Netscape to create an
executable as strong as the U.S. domestic version. This will enable
connections with full strength SSL servers to use 128-bit encryption
from end-to-end in a manner completely transparent to the user.
In Netscape 4.x versions it also upgrades the maximum RSA key size
and the S/MIME email ciphers.
Source and binary distributions are available.
It should be noted that Fortify is only needed for export versions
of Netscape. U.S. domestic versions already have the capabilities
it can add.
[http://www.fortify.net/]
- nDVI
- A TeX VI viewer plugin for
Netscape.
[http://www.nikhef.nl/~t16/public/ndvi/ndvi_doc.html]
- netscape-wrapper
- A sh script for invoking
Netscape on a UNIX box. The
functionality and features include:
- copying initial default files;
- implementing a Postscript bug workaround;
- performing a security check;
- setting up the environment;
- an options subset for news and mail features;
- defaulting to opening a new window before opening Netscape to
avoid lock file problems.
[http://ssadler.phy.bnl.gov/~adler/netscape.wrapper/]
- Plugger
- A multimedia plugin for UNIX
Netscape
that handles Quicktime, MPEG, MP2, AVI, SGI-movie, Tiff, DL,
IFF-anim, MIDI, Soundtracker, AU, Wav and Commodore 64 audio files.
Version 2.2 or greater also allows MPEG audio and video to be played
streaming.
Plugger uses external programs to show and/or play the
different formats, e.g. Xanim,
TiMidity,
Maplay, Tracker,
and ImageMagick.
[http://www.hubbe.net/~hubbe/plugger.html]
- Tcl Plugin
- A Netscape plugin which allows the
use of applets written in Tcl/Tk.
[http://www.scriptics.com/plugin/]
- NetScript
- A programming language and environment for building networked systems.
NetScript programs are organized as mobile agents dispatched to
remote systems and executed under local or remote control.
This was created to simplify the development of networked systems
and to enable their remote programming.
A NetScript network consists of a collection of nodes (e.g. PCs, switches
and routers) which each run one or more engines, i.e. a software
abstraction of a programmable packet-processing device.
Engines consist of dataflow components that process packet-streams
that flow through them, with dataflow programs called boxes dispatched
to remote engines and dynamically composed with other resident boxes.
Composite packet-processing protocols are constructed by connecting
together the typed ports of boxes.
Typical boxes perform packet header analysis, packet demultiplexing
and other protocol functions, and packets flow through successive boxes
to perform various protocol functions.
This architecture provides for, e.g. an IP router implementation to
be dynamically extended with firewall
functions simply by connecting
more boxes to the dataflow.
The NetScript system consists of two components:
- NetScript, a textual dataflow language for composition; and
- NetScript Toolkit, a set of Java classes
to which the language compiles.
The language itself consists of a dataflow composition language, a presentation
language for defining the format of network packets, and a classification
language for building packet classifiers.
The current (12/98) distribution runs under Linux 2.0 or greater and
also requires JDK 1.1.6 or greater.
This also runs under the Kaffe virtual machine.
Documentation consists of a tutorial and several technical papers.
[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/dcc/netscript/]
- NetShell
- A UNIX shell-like interface for handling Web
information similar to how regular shells handle local information.
NetShell works by viewing the Web as another I/O stream, i.e. it accepts
I/O to and from files or windows and also provides an easy way to redirect
the I/O stream to and from the Web.
It communicates directly with Web browsers, i.e. it allows any UNIX
program to operate on information obtained from the Web through any
browser.
The resultant actions can go directly to the browswer, a special TTY
window, or to local files.
This allow, for example, pages to be folded to included the contents
of all links from them, an encrypted page to be decrypted and shown
in the browser, or a list of images from the current page to be
collected to a file.
NetShell has its own GUI in which commands can easily be composed
and then executed with a single click.
A source code distribution is available which requires
Perl and Tk 4.0.
[http://www.cs.arizona.edu/netshell/netshell.html]
- NetSolve
- A client-server application designed to solve computational
science problems over a network. Users may access NetSolve
computational servers through C, Fortran, Matlab or Java
interfaces.
The NetSolve system consists of a set of loosely connected (i.e.
on the same local or international network) homogeneous or
heterogenous machines (i.e. machines using different data
formats can be in the system simultaneously). The three
major components are the clients, the
agents, and the computational
resources. This leads to a three step problem solving procedure
wherein: (1) the client sends a request to the agent; (2) the
agent chooses the best NetSolve resource for the task according
to the size and nature of the problem to be solve; and (3) the
problem is solved in the chosen server and the results sent back
to the client.
The NetSolve Client and Server packages are separately available.
The package source code is written in C and Java and requires
compilers for the first if you plan to use the C, Fortran, or
Matlab interfaces, and for the second if you plan to use Java.
A user's guide is available in PostScript format.
Several tests and examples are also included in the
distribution.
See Casanova and Dongarra (1996).
[http://www.cs.utk.edu/netsolve/]
- netstat
- See NetTools.
- NetStreamer
- Software for streaming audio over a 28.8K modem
or ISDN at a sample rate of 8 or 16 kHz.
NetStreamer has a radio-like
frontend that allows you to tune in on programs offered
by the NetStreamer Server, a kind of reflector that passes on
audio that may be offered by several transmitters.
The sound quality is 16 bit mono at 8 or 16 kHz with every sample
ADPCM compressed to 3 bits for a bandwidth of 24 or 48 kbit/s.
The software includes a Server, a Transmitter, a Receiver,
an X11 NetStreamer Receiver, and a NetStreamer
Encoder for .tape files.
Source code distributions of all NetStreamer components are
available as are Linux Intel binaries.
Documentation is contained in an ASCII README file.
[http://flits102-126.flits.rug.nl/~rolf/NetStreamer.html]
- netwatch
- A program for monitoring network connections. This is based
on Statnet but has been substantially for
Ethernet emphasis.
It dynamically displays the Ethernet status of each connection's
activity, and can monitor hundreds of site statistics simultaneously.
The features include:
- measuring router statistics;
- configuration file settings for logging and color times;
- automatic mailing of special string occurrence;
- MAC Ethernet address watching;
- HTTP server connection types;
- last GET commond retrieval in HTTP;
- FTP server type (attempt);
- an IP spoofing monitor;
- NETBUS and Back Orifice packet watch; and
- security fix for symbolic link attack.
Source and binary distributions are available.
[http://www.slctech.org/~mackay/netwatch.html]
- network audio
- Software which aids and/or abets the transmission of sound over
networks includes:
- Network Entrez
- An application providing functionality for browsing, via the Web,
bibliographic, nucleotide sequence, genome, protein sequence and
3-D structure databases.
The features of Network Entrez include:
- a tabbed-folder sequence viewer allowing the quick selection
of alternate report formats for a sequence entry;
- an explicitly structured 3-D structure database based on
crystallographic and NMR structure determinations;
- Cn3D, a 3-D structure viewer for viewing and rotating
entries from the 3-D database;
- a genomes division which presents genome-level views of a large
number of complete chromosomes that are tightly linked to
DNA and
protein sequence records;
- a number of completely sequenced chromosomes from viruses and
organelles that can be explored via various mouse actions;
- virtual complete sequence representations of complete large chromosome
sequences that are stored as a series of smaller overlapping records
that can be explored via mouse actions; and
- partially sequenced chromosomes mapped onto a common coordinate
system and aligned by any markers they share.
A source code distribution is available as is a binary for
Linux Intel platforms.
Documentation is available in Microshaft Word format.
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Entrez/Network/nentrez.overview.html]
- network management
- Available software for network management includes:
- autostatus, a network and server monitoring
program;
- btng, a package of network management software;
- Cheops, the swiss army knife of networking
utilities;
- CMU-SNMP, a library providing core
functions for writing SNMP agents and managers;
- HNMP, a package for monitoring and graphing
traffic on large, routed IP networks;
- inner-apps, a collection of useful
networking programs;
- MRTG, a tool to monitor and graph the traffic
load on network links;
- ntop, a tool for showing network usage like
top shows CPU usage;
- OSIMIS, an environment for the development
of OSI-based applications;
- radvd, an autoconfiguration daemon used by
routers for implementing IPv6 functionality;
- Scion, for collecting SNMP data and
producing useful statistics;
- Scotty, a Tcl/Tk-based
package for developing network applications;
- SNMP Sniff, a network sniffer for
SNMP packets;
- SNMPY, a Python
interface to SNMP;
- SNMX, an SNMP manager, extensible SNMP agent,
scripting language and development environment;
- traffic-vis, a network traffic monitoring
package;
- UCD-SNMP, a library of network management
tools based on CMU-SNMP;
- Webbin' CMIP, a plug-in for Web servers
for viewing, searching and modifying OSI data; and
- WILMA, a package for the management of LANs
using SNMP and expert systems.
- neural nets
- Programs that implement some sort of neural net include:
- CuPit, a programming language designed to
express neural network learning algorithms;
- DDLab, a graphical program for studying the
dynamics of finite binary networks;
- DISCERN, a large and modular neural network
system for reading, paraphrasing, and answering questions about
stereotypical stories;
- Flexible Bayesian Modeling, a
package supporting Bayesian regression and classification using neural
networks;
- GENESIS, a general purpose simulation platform
for neural systems;
- LEE, an artificial life model and simulator
of complexity that evolves populations of neural networks adapting to
environments;
- NeuronC, a neural circuit interpreted
simulation language;
- NNFit, a neural network-based data
fitting package;
- NNSYSID, a set of Matlab tools for neural
network-based identification of nonlinear dynamic systems;
- PDP++, a C++ library for neural network simulation;
- SCNN, a universal simulating system for analog
processing neural networks;
- SESAME, a system for prototyping and
implementing various types of neural nets;
- SNNAP, a simulator for neural networks and
action potentials;
- SNNS, a simulator for neural networks;
- SPRANNLIB, a library containing functions for
creating, training, and testing feed-forward neural networks;
- Swarm, a package for multi-agent simulation of
complex systems with neural net capabilities;
- Uts, a set of C libraries for building complex
or experimental neural networks;
- xldlas, an interactive statistical program
with data fitting techniques that use neural nets; and
- XploRe, an interactive statistical computing
environment with neural net capabilities.
- NeuronC
- A neural circuit interpreted simulation language in which realistic
biophysically-based models of neural circuits (with 1 to
10,000 neurons) can be built.
A synapse is represented by a series of separable filters which
define how the presynaptic voltage signal affects the
postsynaptic membrane.
The package includes a 2-D simulator with spot, bar, and grating
stimuli, optical blur, and voltage and current clamps.
It can simulate any neural geometry including resistive loops
and all parts of the simulation
development and execution can be guided through a graphical
user interface.
NeuronC includes a wide range of neural elements including cables (portions
of dendritic trees or axons), spheres (a neuron's soma), and
synapses. Various voltage-sensitive membrane channels are
available including those based on sodium (Hodgkin-Huxley and
sequential state or macroscopic Markov), potassium (the previous
two plus type A fast inactivating, slow inactivating, and calcium-activated),
and calcium (voltage activated and calcium diffusion with shells).
Gap junction types include voltage-gated, modulated by a second
messenger (cycA and cycG), battery, and resistor.
Conversion from branched cables to compartments is done by the
automatic setting of compartment size and number, and by the
automatic condensation of closely-coupled compartments according
to specified criteria.
The available numerical integration methods are Euler, fully-implicit,
and Crank-Nicolson.
A GUI interface includes multiple folder and application windows
with iconic representation of NeuronC files and commands.
It allows drag and drop execution of simulations and is easy to
extend or modify.
The original anatomy can be viewed in 3-D perspective or as
compartmental equivalents, and true 3-D visualization is possible
using the POVray package.
A source code distribution of NeuronC is available.
It is written in C and can be compiled and installed on
most UNIX flavors.
It is being developed on a Linux Intel system.
A user's guide is included in the distribution in
PostScript format.
[http://bip.anatomy.upenn.edu/~rob/neuronc.html]
- NeVoT
- The Network Voice Terminal is a program that allows
audio-capable workstations to participate in audio conferences
across local and wide area networks.
The features and capabilities include:
- a choice of protocols including vat
audio packet format and RTP;
- both unicast and multicast UDP;
- operation as a gateway or end system;
- compatibility with vat session protocol;
- a GUI written using Tk and programmability
via Tcl;
- several independent concurrent conferences with each having
different encoding and compression;
- DES-based voice encryption;
- support for several audio encodings;
- mono or stereo;
- playback and recording of audio files with encoding translation;
- a configurable adjustment mechanism for playout delay; and
- online statistics with selectable graphing.
A source code distribution is available which requires
Tcl/Tk, TclX,
Tcl-DP, BLT and
GSM for compilation.
[ftp://gaia.cs.umass.edu/pub/hgschulz/nevot/]
[http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/nevot/]
- New Jersey Machine-Code Toolkit
- A package that helps programmers write applications that process
machine code (e.g. assemblers, disassemblers, code generators,
tracers, profilers, and debuggers),
with the applications written at an
assembly language
level of abstraction and emitting binary.
An additional short instruction set specification allows the
toolkit to generate all of the bit manipulating code.
The toolkit is useful in situations where it is not practical
to use an assembler, e.g. when generating code at run time or
when adding instrumentation after code generation.
The Toolkit has three parts. A translator translates the matching
statements in a C or
Modula-3 program into ordinary code.
A generator generates encoding and relocation procedures in C.
A library implements both instruction streams and relocatable
addresses which refer to locations within the streams.
It uses a specification language with four concepts: fields and tokens
describe parts of instructions, patterns describe encodings of
instructions or groups of instructions, and constructors map
between the
assembly language and binary levels. These can be
used to describe both CISC and RISC machines, with specifications
available for MIPS 3000, SPARC, and Intel 486 instruction sets.
Two applications that use to Toolkit are included:
mld, a retargetable, optimizing linkder and
ldb, a retargetable debugger which uses the toolkit to decode
instructions and to implement breakpoints.
A source code distribution of the Toolkit is available as are
binaries for several platforms including Intel Linux.
It is written in a combination of Icon
and CC and requires compilers for both to build from
source.
The documentation includes a comprehensive reference manual as
well as several technical papers, all available in
PostScript format.
[http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~nr/toolkit/]
- Newmat
- A C++ library intended for
scientists and engineers who need to manipulate a variety of types
of matrices using standard matrix operations, with emphasis on the
kinds of operations needed in statistical calculations such as
least squares, the solution of linear equaitons, and the finding
of eigenvalues.
Newmat supports several matrix types including rectangular,
upper and lower triangular, diagonal, symmetric, band, upper and
lower band, symmetric band, and row and column vector.
It supports only one element type (float or double) and includes
many operations (e.g. multiplication, addition, subtraction,
concatenation, inverse, transpose, submatrix, determinant, Cholesky
decomposition, QR triangularization, singular value decomposition,
symmetric matrix eigenvalues, sorting, FFT, and printing). There
is also an interface to ``Numerical Recipes in C.''
The distribution contains the source code, written in C++, and
documentation. The code has been tested with several C++ compilers,
including the G++ compiler. The documentation is available in either
HTML or ASCII format.
[http://webnz.com/robert/]
- Newran
- A C++ library for generating streams of random
numbers from a variety of distributions.
This is especially appropriate for situations where sequences of
identically distributed random numbers are required since the set-up
time for each type of distribution is relatively long, but it is
efficient when generating each new random number.
The classes for generating random numbers from particular
distributions are:
- Uniform, uniform distribution;
- Constant, returns a constant;
- Exponential, exponential distribution;
- Cauchy, Cauchy distribution;
- Normal, Normal distribution;
- ChiSq, non-central chi-squared distribution;
- Gamma, gamma distribution;
- Pareto, Pareto distribution;
- Poisson, Poisson distribution;
- Binomial, binomial distribution; and
- NegativeBinomial, negative binomial distribution.
Classes for generating random numbers from other distributions are:
- PosGenX, positive random numbers with a decreasing density;
- SymGenX, random numbers from a symmetric unimodal density;
- AsymGenX, random numbers from an asymmetric unimodal density;
- PosGen, positive random numbers with a decreasing density;
- SymGen, random numbers from a symmetric unimodal density;
- AsymGen, random numbers from an asymmetric unimodal density;
- DiscreteGen, random numbers from a discrete distribution;
- SumRandom, sum and/or product of random numbers; and
- MixedRandom, mixture of random numbers.
There are two classes for doing combinations and permutations:
- RandomPermutation, draw numbers without replacement; and
- RandomCombination, draw numbers without replacement and sort.
[http://webnz.com/robert/cpp_lib.htm]
- Newsboard
- A package for hosting news and discussion groups that stores all
messages in a relational database.
The features include:
- posting and replying to messages;
- browsing all threads;
- viewing complete threads via a hierarchical view;
- searching by author name, email address, subject, message, and
date;
- customizable look and feel via HTML templates;
- running total of how many times each message has been viewed; and
- attaching editor's notes to posts.
A source code distribution of this Perl package
is available.
This requires the MySQL database.
[http://www.waferthin.com/newsboard/]
- NewsClip
- A language which allows you to compile filtering programs for Usenet.
It is a full C-like language with arbitrary expressions involving
header items and pattern searches to decide which articles you
want to read or ignore.
The NewsClip programs are all compiled so the filtering is done
quickly, usually with unnoticeable notify.
The programs can accept, reject, or weight articles and can
be run interactively or in the background when you're not reading
news.
The capabilities of NewsClip include:
- eliminating or requesting follow-up trees;
- control of cross-posted articles;
- elimination of a user, a group of users, or even a site;
- keyword matching of articles based on the presence of patterns
in header items or various sections of the text;
- giving priority to follow-ups to your own articles;
- accepting articles posted only to local distribution even in
netwide groups;
- rejecting articles with signatures that are too long or which
contain too much included text; and
- accepting only original (non-followup) articles or follow-ups to
only those articles you wish to track.
The NewsClip source code is freely available for
non-commercial use and is written in C.
It can be used to modify the RN newsreader to interactively
filter Usenet or you can use it in standalone mode to filter news
in the background at night, i.e. it will read your news subscription
file, scan all unread articles, and pre-mark undesired articles
as read so you never see them.
The program is documented in several man pages included with
the distribution.
[http://www.templetons.com/newsclip.html]
- newsfetch
- A utility to download news and store it in mailbox format.
It has an interface for news filtering and a Web-based news
interface.
[http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/contrib/libc6/i386/newsfetch-1.11-1.i386.html]
- News Peruser
- An X11-based offline
Usenet newsreader.
This is designed for single-user systems with dial-up access to the
Internet and features header retrieval, true threading by reference,
support for en/decoding binary attachments, an integrated image
viewer, and filtering via regular expressions.
A source code distribution is available.
[http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/news/readers/]
- NewsPro
- A CGI/Perl script
for updating a news page on a Web site.
The features of NewsPro include:
- installation and configuration via a Web interface;
- support for multiple users;
- secure logins via cookies;
- a Web interface for configuring look and feel;
- news items written to a text file rather than dynamically generated;
- quickly removing or editing previously posted news;
- optional automatic deletion and archiving of old news;
- built-in email news list functionality;
- full online help;
- news searching capability for users;
- displaying a list of new or recently modified pages; and
- easy addition of additional news fields.
A source code distribution is freely available under a few fairly
unrestrictive conditions.
[http://amphibian.gagames.com/newspro/]
- NewsWire
- A specialized mini-browser that presents information in the
style of ticker tape.
NewsWire reads standard HTML files and can create two types of
documents: regular documents that are scrolled through the
main window and index documents that contain pointers to other
NewsWire servies and which are presented in an index window.
Any HTTP server can be used to create NewsWire services.
Proxy servers are supported and documents can be create on
the fly with CGI or any other supported method.
A binary version is available for Linux Intel platforms.
[http://www.cdm.com.mx/newswire/]
- NewsX
- An NNTP client for UNIX boxes that connects to
a remote server, posts outgoing articles, and fetches incoming
articles.
This was designed to small local news spools with NNTP access via
limited ISP accounts (as well as for dialup SLIP/PPP connections),
but is also suitable for large spools with normal feeds used for
pulling news groups from specific NNTP servers that aren't
distributed in the usual manner.
The features of NewsX include:
- compatibility with C News and INN servers;
- configuration via standard mechanisms;
- setting which newsgroups will be fetched from which servers based
on sys or newsfeeds files;
- comprehensive error recovery for posting and fetching;
- error logging and article transfer statistics;
- an optional log file for actual articles posted and collection
of posted articles in folders;
- use of only standard RFC-977 functions
for maximum compatibility; and
- referal to a news history database to prevent fetching articles
already in the local spool.
A source code distribution of this C package is available.
[http://www.kvaleberg.com/newsx.html]
- Newt
- Not Erik's
Windowing Toolkit
is a library for building applications with text based interfaces.
It is built on top of the
Slang library and
currently supports stacked windows, background text, stacked
help lines on the bottom of the screen, color and monochrome
displays, and many widgets (e.g. push and radio buttons, check
and entry boxes, labels, scrollbars, listboxes, forms, multi-line
textbox, scales, etc.). It is currently supposed to work
on Linux Intel, Alpha and SPARC machines.
[ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/code/newt]
- NewYacc
- An extension to yacc that provides translations
attached to grammars in addition to actions.
Translations resemble syntax directed translation schemas in that
they will reorder, select, augment, and echo the input character
stream by appropriately transversing the completed parse tree.
A source code distribution is available.
[ftp://flubber.cs.umd.edu/src/]
- neXtaw
- A plug-in replacement for any Xaw
library that will give a Nextstep-like look to any application
using the Xaw library.
The features include:
scrollability of menus that don't fit in the screen,
toggles that have an indicator on the left to indicate if it's a
checkbutton or a radiobutton,
menubuttons that have indicators on the right that tell if it's
a selection or action menu, and
scrollbar arrows that can be removed through resources.
This can be used with the
AfterStep window manager.
[http://www.debian.org/Packages/stable/x11/nextawg.html]
[http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/~casantos/neXtaw/]
- Nexus
- A portable library providing the multithreading, communication,
and resource management facilities required to implement advanced
languages, libraries, and applications in heterogeneous parallel and
distributed computing environments. Its interface provides multiple
threads
of control, dynamic processor acquisition, dynamic address space creation,
a global memory model via interprocessor references, and asynchronous
events. Its implementation supports multiple communication protocols and
resource characterization mechanisms that allow automatic selection of
optimal protocols.
Nexus is intended for use by compiler writers and library developers,
rather than application programmers.
The source code for the Nexus package is available and has
been tested on several architectures, none of which are Linux
as of the present (3/97) writing, although a port of this to
Linux sounds like it wouldn't be terribly difficult to accomplish.
The documentation consists of a user's guide and several
technical reports, all available in both HTML and PostScript
format.
See Foster et al. (1997 to appear).
Other software projects that work with or run on top of Nexus include:
- the Fortran M
extensions to Fortran for developing modular programs;
- the Globus Project
for developing basic software for distributed computations;
- NexusJava
a package which allows Java programs to communicate with other programs
that use Nexus; and
- nPerl, the combination of
Perl 5 and Nexus for parallel and distributed
programming in Perl.
[http://www.mcs.anl.gov/nexus/]
[http://www.globus.org/nexus/]
- Nexus (Server)
- A Java Web server whose features include:
- support for the Java servlet API for generating dynamic
content from Java objects;
- server-side includes in the guise of Java objects that substitute
a piece of HTML markup for something else;
- the capability of running either in standalone mode or embedded
in a larger application;
- support for HTML 0.9 and 1.0;
- log entries written in Common Log Format;
- two levels of configuration files for modifying server parameters; and
- support for the basic HTTP authentication scheme.
A source code distribution is available which requires
JDK 1.1.5 or greater.
[http://www-uk.hpl.hp.com/people/ak/java/nexus/]
- NFIDENT
- A package for approximating functions using fuzzy systems based on
supervised learning.
This can be used to learn fuzzy systems of both the Mamdani and
Sugeno types, and can learn both fuzzy rules and membership functions.
[http://fuzzy.cs.Uni-Magdeburg.de/nefprox/]
- NFS
- The Network File System.
See
Callaghan (2000),
Santifaller (1995) and
Stern (1991).
- NFSwatch
- A security program that monitors all incoming
network traffic to an NFS server and divides it
into several categories. It displays the number and percentage of
packets received in each category in a continuously updated display.
The received packets are divided into 16 categories including
NFS read, NFS write, NFS mount, NIS requests,
RPC authorization, other RPC packets,
TCP packets, UDP packets,
ICMP packets, RIP packets,
ARP packets, RARP packets,
Ethernet or FDDI broadcast
packets, a couple of types of Sun-specific packets, and all other packets.
A source code distribution is available which is documented in a
man page.
[http://www.ja.net/CERT/Software/nfswatch/]
- NFTP
- A text-mode FTP client.
[http://www.ayukov.com/nftp/]
- ngrep
- A version of grep for searching the network layer.
This is PCAP-aware and allows the specification of extended
regular expressions to match against data payloads of packets.
It recognizes TCP and UDP
across Ethernet,
PPP and
SLIP interfaces.
It also understands BPF filter logic in the same way as other
common packet sniffing tools.
[http://www.packetfactory.net/Projects/Ngrep/]
- ng-spice
- A project to improve the capabilities of the Spice Version 3f5 circuit
simulator.
The improvements will include:
- better convergence algorithms for operating point analysis;
- dynamically loadable devices;
- implementation of new analyses for powerful synthesis capabilities;
- mixed-mode and -level simulation capabilities; and
- improved I/O features.
Source code distributions are available.
[http://www.geda.seul.org/tools/ng-spice/]
- nhc13
- A compiler for Haskell.
This includes several extensions to the standard including:
- a trace browser applicable to a wide class of Haskell computations;
- all the standard and some non-standard libraries; and
- a foreign language interface to C called GreenCard.
Source code and binary distributions are available, with one of the
latter available for Linux Intel platforms.
[http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/fp/nhc13/]
- NICO
- An artificial neural network toolkit designed and optimized for
automatic speech recognition applications.
The features include:
- easy construction of networks with both recurrent connections
and time-delay windows;
- a flexible network topology that allows any number of layers
and arbitrary connections; and
- sets of tools for extracting input features from speech signals
as well as for computing target values from several standard
phonetic label-file formats.
A source code distribution is available which has been successfully
compiled and used on several platforms including Linux.
A user's manual is available in HTML format.
[http://www.speech.kth.se/NICO/]
- NID
- The Network Intrusion Detector is a suite of software
tools for detecting, analyzing and gathering evidence of intrusive
behavior occurring on an Ethernet
or FDDI network using the
IP protocol. NID operates passively on
a standalone host and collects data and statistics about network traffic.
It operates within a security domain, i.e. a collection of hosts and/or
subnetworks, with a domain consisting of either a subset of a network
or the entire network to which NID is directly connected.
The features include:
- data analysis during or after collection;
- provision of real-time alert notification for intrusive behavior;
- modes in which data gathering can be initiated upon intrusion
detection and terminated when it ceases;
- replaying data flows between computers to observe intrusions;
- a full suite of analytical tools;
- an interface for secure communications; and
- a method for performing periodic tasks.
NID uses three techniques for detecting intrusive behavior:
- attack signature recognition wherein data packets are examined
for strings or patterns associated with known attacks or whose presence
suggests the possibility of malicious behavior;
- a vulnerability risk model which computes warning values based
on a host's security level, the authentication requirements of the
service used, and the recent transation history of thehost; and
- anomaly detection, e.g. activities associated with untrusted or
unexpected hosts or known network attacks such as
port scanning
and/or SYN flood.
Binary distributions of NID are available for several platforms including
Linux Intel. Each distribution is encrypted and can only be used after
online registration and the receipt of a DES-Key and Certificate
for decryption.
[http://ciac.llnl.gov/cstc/nid/nid.html]
- NILO
- The Network Interface LOader will boot various
operating systems via a network.
NILO will boot Linux, FreeBSD and Windoze (and the Intel PXE standard)
via DHCP, ARP or
TFTP.
A network connection is made and the bootfile is then loaded
into memory. All Ethernet cards
supported by Linux will work with this.
This is an evolution of
the Etherboot and
Netboot projects.
[http://www.welcomehome.org/nilo/]
- NIMAMUSE
- The bf NIMA (National Imagery and Mapping Agency) MC&G
Utility Software Environment is a self-contained
set of computer programs and utilities designed to work with NIMA
MC&G data and information.
NIMAMUSE provides users with three distinct activities that can be
performed with NIMA data:
- building maps;
- accessing and preparing NIMA data; and
- running specialty applications.
These activities are supported by nine major application programs:
- Fusion, for building map objects out of individual data layers;
- Raster Importer, converts NIMA raster data from its distribution
format into a format that other NIMAMUSE programs can use;
- Vector Importer, for accessing NIMA digital vector data in
Vector Product Format (VPF) for further use with Fusion;
- Perspective Scene, for visualizing the shape and character of
an area of terrain of interest;
- Line of Sight, for determining the visibility of a line of sight
to a target based on the surrounding topography;
- DTCC, for datum transformation and coordinate conversion;
- VPFView, for accessing and viewing data in VPF format;
- REALTIME, for reading real time geographic locations via a serial
port; and
- Survey, a method for communicating problems or suggestions to
NIMAMUSE developers.
The source code for all of the appliations is available.
The source and the makefiles are available as separate distributions,
with versions for compiling with Solaris 2.4+, HP 10.1+ and SGI 5.3+.
It states on the site that recompilation requires a commercial
development environment costing several thousand dollars, although
methinks that someone familiar with makefiles could probably get the
job done without too much pain.
Manuals for each application are available in a range of formats.
[http://164.214.2.59/geospatial/SW_TOOLS/NIMAMUSE/]
- 9menu
- A program that allows the creation of X menus from the shell
where each menu item will run a command.
This was designed to emulate part of the
Plan 9 operating system.
[ftp://ftp.mathcs.emory.edu/pub/arnold/]
[ftp://ftp.ecf.toronto.edu/pub/plan9/arnold/]
- 9term
- A terminal emulator designed to emulate the
type of terminal found in the Plan 9
window manager 8 1/2. Think of it as a different version
of xterm.
[http://www.psrg.cs.usyd.edu.au/~matty/9term/]
[ftp://ftp.sys.utoronto.ca/pub/9term/]
- 9wm
- An X Window window manager which attempts to emulate the
Plan 9 window manager 8 1/2 as far as
possible within the constraints imposed by X. It provides
a simple yet comfortable user interface with decoration, title
bars, or icons.
A major difference between 9wm and 8 1/2 is that the former
doesn't provide a text window with a typescript interface and
thus requires a separate program. It can be used with either
xterm or with 9term,
an emulator designed to resemble 8 1/2.
[http://dhog.g7.org/dhog/9wm.html]
[ftp://ftp.mathcs.emory.edu/pub/arnold/]
- larswm
- A hack for 9wm that adds several features including:
- automatic window tiling, i.e. the windows are moved and resized
automatically every time a window opens or closes or you click to focus
a different window, with the active window getting the left 2/3 of
the screen and all others sharing the right 1/3;
- subdesktops wherein each virtual desktop has two subdesktops or
layers, i.e. the tiled and the untiled subdesktops; and
- a status bar indicating the status of all desktops and subdesktops.
[http://www.fnurt.net/larswm/]
- Ninf
- The Network based information library for high performance
computing is a project ot provide a platform for global scientific
computing with resoureces distributed in a global network.
The basic Ninf system supports client-server based computing in
which computational resources are available as remote libraries
at a remote computing host that can be called via the network from
a client program written in languages such as Fortran, C or C++.
The parameters, including large arrays, are efficiently sent to
the Ninf server on a remote host which in turn executes the requested
libraries and returns the result.
The Ninf RPC is designed to provide a programming
interface familiar to those of existing languages in which global
computing systems can be built without the programmer having to deal
with the complexities of network programming.
The features of Ninf include:
- a client that can execute the most time consuming part of programs
in multiple, remote high-performance computers without needing any
special hardware on software onsite;
- a familiar programming interface in which existing
applications such as numerical libraries can be easily converted and
in which servers can be specified in a variety of ways;
- an RPC that can be asynchronous and automatic, i.e. a group of metaservers
maintains the information needed by the servers in a distributed manner
and automatically allocates remote library calls dynamically on appropriate
servers for load balancing using a transaction system where the data
dependencies among Ninf calls are automatically detected and scheduled
by the metaserver; and
- a network database server that provides information needed in
scientific computations such as important concepts in physics and
chemistry.
Source code distributions of both the client and server are available (with
the latter also containing the former).
Ninf is currently (5/98) supported on Sun SunOS, Cray J90/C90, DEC
Alpha OSF1, FreeBSD and Linux Intel systems.
Documentation includes a manual in the distribution as well as several
technical reports available online.
There is ongoing work being done to make this interoperable with
the NetSolve package.
[http://ninf.etl.go.jp/]
- NinjaRMI
- A free reimplementation of the Java
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) specification which allows
Java code to invoke methods on objects running on remote machines
via a network connection.
NinjaRMI contains several enhancements over the standard RMI
implementation including:
- multiple communications protocols
including TCP, UDP and
multicast;
- reliable, unreliable, one-way and multicast communication semantics;
- API calls that allow both client and server objects to determine
the hostname and socket port number of the connected peer; and
- the ability for server code to register callbacks invoked when
certain events such as socket creation and destruction occur.
A source code distribution of this Java package is available.
It requires JDK 1.1 or 1.2.
[http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~mdw/proj/ninja/ninjarmi.html]
- NIS
- The Network Information Service provides a
simple network lookup service consisting of databases and
processes. It originated as the Sun Yellow Pages and is
functionally identical to that.
See Ramsey (1995) and
Stern (1991).
See the NIS/NIS+ for Linux
site.
- nisdomainname
- See NetTools.
- NISP
- A package that adds strong typing to
Common Lisp.
A user's manual is included in the distribution in
LaTeX format.
[ftp://ftp.cs.yale.edu/pub/mcdermott/software/]
- NIST Net
- The NIST Network Emulation Tool is a general purpose
tool for emulating performance dynamics in IP
networks. It is designed to allow controlled, reproducible experiments
with network performance sensitive or adaptive applications and control
protocols in a laboratory setting. NIST Net can emulate the critical
end-to-end performance characteristics imposed by various wide network
situations or by various underlying subnetwork technologies since it
operates at the IP level.
It can be driven by traces produced from measurements of actual
network conditions, and it also provides support for user-defined
packet handlers to be added to the system.
NIST Net is available in a source code distribution. It is implemented
as a loadable kernel module extension to the Linux OS and an
X11-based user interface application.
Its installation and use are documented in several documents
available online.
[http://snad.ncsl.nist.gov/itg/nistnet/]
- NLAYER
- An n-layer normal mode ocean acoustic transmission loss program
written in Fortran 77.
See Gordon (1979).
[ftp://oalib.njit.edu/pub/nlayer/]
[http://oalib.saic.com/Modes/modes.html]
- NLEQ1
- A Fortran package for the solution of NonLinear
EQuations designed especially for numerically sensitive
problems.
NLEQ1 uses a damped affine invariant Newton method to
solve the equation system.
The Fortran source code for this is available and is documented
via comment statements within the code.
This is part of CodeLib.
[ftp://elib.zib.de/pub/elib/codelib/nleq1/]
- NLEQ2
- A Fortran package for the solution of NonLinear
EQuations designed especially for numerically sensitive
problems.
NLEQ2 uses a damped affine invariant Newton method with
rank-strategy to solve the equation system.
The Fortran source code for this is available and is documented
via comment statements within the code.
This is part of CodeLib.
[ftp://elib.zib.de/pub/elib/codelib/nleq2/]
- NLP
- New LP is a front-end to the standard printing commands
lp and lpr.
It is intended to preprocess
input files in ASCII, ISO-Latin-1,
DVI, PDF or PostScript format and send them on to a printer in
PostScript format.
It preprocesses the non-PostScript files to create valid
PostScript, and several options are available to help the user
control the details of this process.
A source code distribution of NLP is available. It is written
in Perl and is documented in a man page.
[http://www.engelschall.com/sw/nlp/]
- NLP Library - General Processing
- The Natural Language
Processing Library is a collection of 170 general
text processing tools useful for research in natural language
processing as well as for more general tasks. These tools, written
in the tradition of UNIX tools, were created to reduce the amount
of time researchers waste writing and debugging software that
already exists, to reduce the start-up time for people getting
acquainted with empirical methods in NLP, and to demonstrate
how common NLP programming languages like
Perl and awk
can be used to construct useful tools.
The NLP Library for general text processing
includes tools to: perform parameterized UNIX sorts
for large files, blank out given words, switch and extract columns,
find maxima and sums in columns, evaluate the lexical correspondence
between two texts, convert carriage returns to newlines, extract
line ranges delimited by start/end patterns, extract tag sequences
from each line, merge-sort two files in many different ways, numerically
sort files, compute histograms for different lines, print only lines
containing special tokens, put each line in a different numbered
file, perform horsort for numbers, reorder lines according to an
index file, remove given parts of speech from a tagged text, remove
punctuation, replace all underscores with a space, select a given
range of characters from a file, tokenize slashes, and about
150 or so more.
The source code for the library, written mostly in
Perl 5, is available under the
GPL.
The main documentation is a file that lists all of the programs and
gives one line descriptions of what each does.
[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~melamed/genproc.html]
- NLP Library - Statistics
- The Natural Language
Processing Library is a collection of 75 general
text processing tools useful for research involving statistical
analysis of textual material.
These tools, written
in the tradition of UNIX tools, were created to reduce the amount
of time researchers waste writing and debugging software that
already exists, to reduce the start-up time for people getting
acquainted with empirical methods in NLP, and to demonstrate
how common NLP programming languages like
Perl and awk
can be used to construct useful tools.
The NLP Library for text statistics includes tools
to: compute the binomial log-likelihood ratio between tokens of
two files, compute a histogram with a specified bucket size,
compare ranges, compute conditional probabilities, generate
fractions, generate random subranges within a range, derive
association scores from joint frequencies, compute log-likelihood
ratios and log conditional probabilities, compute means and variances,
compute multimeans and multivariances, generate random numbers,
compute RMS errors, perform linear regression, perform interpolated
search and replace in chosen columns, find matrix means and differences,
find weighted means, and much more.
The source code for the library, written mostly in
Perl 5, is available under the
GPL.
The main documentation is a file that lists all of the programs and
gives one line descriptions of what each does.
[http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~melamed/stats.html]
- NLSCON
- A Fortran package for the numerical solution of NonLinear
least Squares problems with nonlinear CONstraints which
is designed especially for numerically sensitive problems.
NLSCON uses a damped affine invariant Gauss-Newton method to
solve the system of equations.
The Fortran source code for this is documented via comment
statements contained within the code.
This is part of CodeLib.
[ftp://elib.zib.de/pub/elib/codelib/nlscon/]
- NLSP
- The Network Layer Security Protocol provides
host-host public key authentication and
transparently encrypts all TCP
traffic using a symmetric cypher.
NLSP allows existing applications to enjoy the benefits of
encryption without being modified.
A limited demo binary version is currently (12/98) available for
Linux Intel platforms at this site.
[http://nlsp.itwm.uni-kl.de/]
- NL2SN
- A collection of Fortran routines for solving nonlinear least
squares problems and general unconstrained minimization problems.
The NL2S1 and NL2SN routines solve linear least
squares problems.
The former routine requires a user supplied function to calculate
the required partial derivatives, while the latter estimates them
using finite differences.
The routines SMSNO, SUMSL, and HUMSL are for
solving general unconstrained minimization problems.
They attempt to find a value x of a continuously differentiable
function f(x) so as to locally minimize f(x).
SMSNO requires a supplied subroutine for computing f(x) and
uses finite differences to approximate the gradient of f
as well as the BFGS update to approximate the Hessian of f.
SUMSL requires subroutines for computing f(x) and
its gradient and uses finite differences for the BFGS update.
HUMSL requires subroutines for computing f(x) and both
the gradient and Hessian of f.
A source code distribution of NL2SN is available.
It is written in Fortran 77 and is documented via comment
statements contained within each source code file.
This is part of CMLIB.
See Dennis et al. (1981).
The former requires a vector of components which are continuously
differentiable functions of a vector X for P components
[http://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/public/computing/general/statlib/cmlib/]
- nmap
- A utility for port scanning
large networks which incorporates a wide
range of scanning techniques into a single program.
The supported techniques are:
- vanilla TCP connect scanning;
- TCP SYN (half open) scanning;
- TCP FIN, Xmas or NULL (stealth) scanning;
- TCP FTP proxy (bounce attack) scanning;
- SYN/FIN scanning using IP fragments (which
bypasses attack filters);
- UDP raw ICMP port
unreachable scanning;
- ICMP scanning (ping sweep);
- TCP ping scanning;
- remote OS identification by TCP/IP fingerprinting; and
- reverse-ident scanning.
Additional features include:
- dynamic delay time calculations;
- packet timeout and retransmission;
- parallel port scanning;
- detection of down hosts via parallel pings;
- flexible target and port specification;
- decoy scanning;
- determination of TCP sequence predictability characteristics; and
- output to machine parseable or human readable log files.
A source code distribution is available which is portable to
most UNIX flavors including Linux.
Documentation is available via a man page.
[http://www.insecure.org/nmap/index.html]
- nmh
- The New MH is a powerful electronic
mail handling system originally based on version 6.8.3 of
MH and is intended to be a mostly
compatible drop-in replacement for MH.
Nmh is, like MH, a collection of fairly simple single-purpose
programs to send, receive, save, and retrieve messages either from
the command line or via a front-end program like
exmh.
The general differences between nmh and MH include:
- conversion of nmh to autoconf to make
installation easier, e.g. on Linux platforms;
- conversion of nmh source code to ANSI C;
- removal of the POP server (popd) although client-side support for
POP is still present; and
- no support for bulletin boards or shared libraries in nmh.
A new command flist has been added to nmh which will list
the folder which contain messages in a given sequence, e.g. the
unseen sequence.
The folder command has been modified to handle more than
300 folders, and the mhpath command no longer aborts if a folder
has more than 998 messages.
The packf and rcvpack commands now
use the mbox format as a default rather
than the old mmdf format (although the latter is still available as an
option).
The source code for nmh is available. It is written in ANSI
C and uses autoconf
to ease installation on a wide variety of platforms.
All of the commands are documented in man pages.
[http://www.mhost.com/nmh/]
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Up: Linux Software Encyclopedia
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Contents
Manbreaker Crag
2001-03-08