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Arthur Hu's
"IQ Spectrum"
"What IS open to question is whether the tests measure innate, unchangeable
abilities. As this chart shows, there are groups with average or better performance out
there. However almost every conventional race based intervention in education does not
result in equal performance. Only programs based on rigorous academics such as Barclay,
and not race such as; conventional desegregation, busing students to expensive surburbs or
affirmative action in hiring and multiculturalism in curriculum have been shown to result
in superior performance." Arthur Hu
Arthur's "IQ Spectrum" has been enhanced with data from the SAT and NAEP, by
state, sex, and race to demonstrate the relationship between IQs and standardized test
scores. This enables cross-state comparisons to be made
Ethnic Group |
IQ |
Source |
1990 SAT Verbal |
1990 SAT Math |
NAEP Math |
Borderline Retarded |
70-75 |
IQ - Seligman p.151 |
? |
267 |
|
Black Delinquents |
74 |
Shuey p. 498 |
? |
? |
|
Africans (Africa) |
75 |
Lynn as cited by Murray p. 288 |
? |
302 |
|
Southern Black children |
80.5 |
Shuey |
? |
? |
|
White Delinquents |
81 |
Shuey p. 498 |
? |
347 |
|
Black Felons |
81 |
Shuey p. 498 |
? |
347 |
|
Black Females |
82 |
Interpolated from SAT estimate |
346 |
377 |
|
Black Average |
85 |
IQ Seligman p.149 |
351 |
385 |
|
Colored From Africa |
85 |
Lynn as cited by Murray p. 288 |
? |
? |
|
Dull-Normal |
80-90 |
IQ Textbook by Wechsler |
? |
? |
|
Border Black Children |
87 |
Shuey, and SAT Tables,
1991 |
356 |
393 |
|
Northern Black Children |
87.6 |
Shuey, and SAT Tables,
1991 |
356 |
393 |
|
Black G12 NAEP Math |
89 |
(7) |
? |
? |
|
Black US Northern Average |
90 |
IQ Jensen(4) |
? |
415 |
|
Koko the Gorilla |
85-95 |
IQ Seattle Pacific magazine(1) |
? |
? |
|
Urban North Black |
91.1 |
Shuey |
? |
? |
|
Hisp G12 NAEP Math |
92 |
(7) |
379 |
430 |
|
White Felons |
92 |
Shey p. 498 |
? |
? |
|
White Chronic Welfare |
92 |
Murray |
? |
? |
|
Overall Criminals |
92 |
Murray |
? |
? |
|
Black Calif Math CLAS |
92 |
A.Hu estimate (6) |
? |
? |
|
South Carolina Public Schools |
|
NAEP |
395 |
437 |
261 |
Malays |
96 |
Lynn 1977 (Seligman) |
? |
460 |
|
White American Girls |
96 |
SAT Tables, 1991 |
436 |
464 |
|
Black Reading CLAS |
96 |
A.Hu estimate (6) |
? |
? |
|
White Unwed - No Welfare |
98 |
Murray |
? |
? |
|
California Public Schools |
|
NAEP |
|
482 |
263 |
Mixed Child of Black |
100 |
Murray p. 310 (5) |
? |
? |
|
Black Children Boston, NYC |
100 |
See note |
? |
? |
|
Adopted Asian Children |
100 |
Sandra Scarr |
? |
? |
|
American Students |
100 |
Cattell's culture Fair Test |
? |
? |
|
British |
100 |
Lynn 1977 (Seligman) |
? |
? |
|
Average Intelligence |
90-109 |
IQ Textbook by Wechsler |
? |
? |
|
Mainland China |
101 |
Lynn (Seligman) |
? |
? |
|
White CLAS Reading & Math |
100 |
A.Hu set by definition (6) |
447 |
489 |
|
Flynn's Asian Studies |
100 |
?? |
? |
? |
|
Asian Calif CLAS Math |
102 |
A.Hu (7) |
? |
504 |
|
White G12 NAEP math |
102 |
(7), and SAT Tables,
1991 |
446 |
514 |
|
British Children |
102 |
IQ Lynn & Song 1994 |
? |
? |
|
Malnourished Korean Adult |
102 |
Winick, Meyer and Harris 1975 (2) |
? |
? |
|
Asian Average |
103-4 |
Murray |
405 |
521 |
|
South Carolina Non-public Schools |
|
NAEP |
|
525 |
283 |
Korean (est) |
105 |
IQ Lynn & Song 1994 |
? |
528 |
|
Moderately-nourished Adult Korean |
106 |
(2)Winick, Meyer and Harris 1975 |
? |
536 |
|
Chinese Hong Kong |
106 |
IQ Chan & Lynn 1989 |
? |
? |
|
Chinese Hong Kong |
106.7 |
Lynn 1982 (Seligman) |
? |
? |
|
Japanese 9 Year Olds |
107 |
IQ Shigehisa & Lynn 1991 |
? |
? |
|
White American Boys |
|
|
|
542 |
|
Korean |
108.5 |
IQ Lynn & song 1994 |
? |
? |
|
Asian G12 NAEP math |
109 |
(7) |
? |
559 |
|
Korean Children in Korea |
109 |
IQ Lynn & Song 1994 |
? |
? |
|
Italian 8th Graders |
|
IAEP/NAEP Crosslink |
|
|
280 |
Chinese Hong Kong |
109.8 |
Lynn 1982 (Seligman) vs. British 100 Raven's matrices |
? |
566 |
|
Bright-Normal |
110-119 |
IQ Textbook Wechseler |
? |
? |
|
Korean Adults in Belgium |
110 |
Frydman & Lynn 1989 |
? |
? |
|
Adopted Black Children |
110 |
Sandra Scarr |
? |
? |
|
Chinese |
110 |
Lynn 1977 (Seligman) |
? |
? |
|
Well Nourished Korean Adult |
112 |
Winick, Meyer and Harris 1975 (2) |
? |
581 |
|
North Dakota Public Schools |
|
SAT Table, 1991, and NAEP |
|
581 |
285 |
Jewish Boys |
112.8 |
verbal Ann Arbor Institute (Seligman) |
? |
? |
|
Orthodox Jewish Children (applying to Hebrew schools in 1950's) |
114.9 |
Miles B. Storfer |
? |
? |
|
Other Storfer Jews |
110-115 |
Miles B. Storfer |
? |
? |
|
Jews |
115 |
Review of Bell Curve |
? |
603 |
|
Blacks at UC Berkeley |
115 |
A.Hu top 15% UC definition |
? |
? |
|
Texas Non-public Schools |
116 |
naepmath.pdf |
|
605 |
301 |
Blacks in Math Program |
116 |
Barclay school Baltimore MD |
? |
611 |
|
Adopted White children |
120 |
Sandra Scarr |
? |
641 |
|
Blacks at MIT |
120 |
A.Hu based on SAT 1985 |
? |
? |
|
Whites at UC Berkeley |
124 |
A.Hu top 5% top 1/3 of UC |
? |
671 |
|
Superior |
120-129 |
IQ Text Wechsleler |
? |
? |
|
Above Superior |
130 & above |
By Definition |
? |
715 |
|
White/Asian MIT |
138 |
A.Hu (top 0.5% of population) |
? |
771 |
|
Notes:
(1) In many cases, conversions were made from SAT scores to an estimate of the US
population based on percentile to IQ conversion.
(2) Koreans adopted by Americans, Winick, Meyer and Harris 1975
(3)American men = Asian women at visiospatial tasks (math) (Lynn / Seligman)
(4) Blacks in New York and Boston are equal to grade level in some grades, equal to 100
IQ by definition. Some schools that are mostly black in Chicago also perform at the 50th
percentile.
(5) Study of children of mixed parents of European and Black soldiers found no
difference
(6) A.Hu Converted 1995 CLAS
distribution to IQ with white=100
(7) National Assessment of Educational Progress given to national cross-section of
students, 1990
(8) "A better idea" The Economist Dec 2, 1995 p. 23 Barclay public school in
Baltimore Md. emulates a tough private school to achieve 85 percentile math scores with
90% black students, 82% free lunch who previously were scoring 20-30 percentile.
Superintendent was fired who had opposed "rich black man's curriculum"
inappropriate for poor students.
(9) Flynn looked at studies that put Asian IQ higher and concluded that after you
accounted for increases in IQ since the tests were "normalized", Asian IQs were
actually no higher than whites might expected to be at the same time. However, he does not
dispute that Asians still have superior academic performance in school, which is just as
useful as having a high IQ.
This is my latest version -- Arthur Hu's "IQ Spectrum" -- http://www.halcyon.com/arthurhu/ 12422 107th
Pl NE Kirkland WA 98034
Note that blacks are, as a group, generally below whites, but it is not difficult to
find groups who score 100 average or far above under ideal conditions. Those who say that
tests are invalid are implying that performance is equal when every test devised by man
shows differences in skills such as vocabulary, abstract reasoning, and mathematics.
Date: Fri, 2 Feb 1996
Here's something else you might find helpful - note Asian females have a gender gap,
but its nearly erased by the racial gap for Asians.
1993 SAT Scores Ranked by Race and Gender (unpublished special tabulations, College
Board)
- 559 Asian male
- 518 White male
- 512 Asian female (only 6 points below WM)
- 472 White female
- 451 Hispanic male
- 408 Hispanic female
- 400 Black male
arthurhu@halcyon.com
The following data is published by the College Entrance Examination Board, and/or the
Educational Testing Service.
The Gender Gap... Is the SAT fair to women?
Studies have shown that women slightly outperform men in their first year of college.
So why does the SAT, a supposedly "fair" test, yield 45-point lower scores to
women?
1994 SAT Test Scores for:
Women Men
Average for ALL races 881 926
The Ethnic Gap... Is the SAT fair to minorities?
Now let's take a look at similar data for ethnic groups. The differences are even
larger!
1994 SAT Test Scores for:
Asian American 951
Caucasian 938
Mexican American 799
Black 740
Average for ALL races 902
The Income Gap... Is the SAT fair to middle class and poor students?
Perhaps the most interesting data is the correlation between test scores and family
income. On the average, well-off students score 234 points higher than students whose
familes earn under $10,000 per year.
1994 SAT Test Scores for:
under $10,000/yr 766
$10,000 - $20,000/yr 812
$20,000 - $30,000/yr 856
...
$50,000 - $60,000/yr 929
$60,000 - $70,000/yr 948
over $70,000/yr 1000
Our opinion...
Your SAT score is a better prediction of your income, race, or gender than it is of
your ability to perform in college. So why does it not predict your grades in college
accurately, and why do college grades not predict income, when SAT scores do?
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